{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2119713147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","title":"Optimal doppler frequency estimators for ultrasound and optical coherence tomography","display_name":"Optimal doppler frequency estimators for ultrasound and optical coherence tomography","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2119713147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","mag":"2119713147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113683877","display_name":"Aaron C. Chan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008832723","display_name":"Edmund Y. Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Y. Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Engg, Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070387513","display_name":"Vivek J. Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-1949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. J. Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MGH/MIT/HMS, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA","Med. Sch., Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomed. Imaging, Harvard Univ., Charlestown, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MGH/MIT/HMS, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Med. Sch., Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomed. Imaging, Harvard Univ., Charlestown, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113683877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74504421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"264","last_page":"267"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10193","display_name":"Coronary Interventions and Diagnostics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.7396055459976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7193943858146667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-variance-unbiased-estimator","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","score":0.7169362306594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6146332025527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-estimator","display_name":"Efficient estimator","score":0.5295088291168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5133846998214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistent-estimator","display_name":"Consistent estimator","score":0.5051773190498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4992947578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steins-unbiased-risk-estimate","display_name":"Stein's unbiased risk estimate","score":0.4852485656738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.4745115637779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.46950626373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.4620157480239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decorrelation","display_name":"Decorrelation","score":0.4615478813648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias-of-an-estimator","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","score":0.425339937210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trimmed-estimator","display_name":"Trimmed estimator","score":0.4129573404788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38490402698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06113320589065552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.7396055459976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7193943858146667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.7169362306594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6146332025527954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35594927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficient estimator","level":4,"score":0.5295088291168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5133846998214722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164172150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782585","display_name":"Consistent estimator","level":4,"score":0.5051773190498352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4992947578430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134962040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606742","display_name":"Stein's unbiased risk estimate","level":5,"score":0.4852485656738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.4745115637779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.46950626373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.4620157480239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788608","display_name":"Decorrelation","level":2,"score":0.4615478813648224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191393472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15222032","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","level":4,"score":0.425339937210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41020250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144114","display_name":"Trimmed estimator","level":5,"score":0.4129573404788971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38490402698516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06113320589065552}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2012.6418446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.842.6014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.842.6014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/186789/1/Content.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/186789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10722/186789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference_Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306709","display_name":"Glaucoma Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05ez53b31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307278","display_name":"Glaucoma Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01qc2fa96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514403297","https://openalex.org/W1967896758","https://openalex.org/W1986750938","https://openalex.org/W2012712694","https://openalex.org/W2026862257","https://openalex.org/W2056723543","https://openalex.org/W2077026901","https://openalex.org/W2093586349","https://openalex.org/W2096365100","https://openalex.org/W2122759946","https://openalex.org/W2162629677","https://openalex.org/W2168007380","https://openalex.org/W2478136907","https://openalex.org/W2795431618","https://openalex.org/W2904559353","https://openalex.org/W4302561155","https://openalex.org/W6684813654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2910434125","https://openalex.org/W2035998077","https://openalex.org/W4239491110","https://openalex.org/W1984619412","https://openalex.org/W2349547417","https://openalex.org/W3092888124","https://openalex.org/W2915452620","https://openalex.org/W2356451205","https://openalex.org/W2141623022","https://openalex.org/W2802667153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Kasai":[1,40,53,93],"autocorrelation":[2],"estimator":[3,41,54,72,86,94],"is":[4,43,61],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,118],"Doppler":[8],"optical":[9],"coherence":[10],"tomography":[11],"and":[12,106,127],"ultrasound":[13],"to":[14],"determine":[15],"blood":[16],"velocities.":[17],"However,":[18],"as":[19,57],"a":[20,84],"non-parametric":[21],"estimator,":[22],"it":[23,83],"may":[24],"not":[25],"be":[26,109],"optimal.":[27],"Assuming":[28],"an":[29],"additive":[30,66,126],"white":[31,67],"Gaussian":[32,68],"noise":[33,69],"(AWGN)":[34],"model,":[35],"we":[36],"show":[37],"that":[38],"the":[39,46,52,58,65,78,92,96],"variance":[42,75],"far":[44],"from":[45],"Cramer-Rao":[47,79],"lower":[48,80],"bound.":[49],"Moreover,":[50],"paradoxically,":[51],"performance":[55],"degrades":[56],"acquisition":[59,89],"rate":[60],"increased.":[62],"By":[63],"contrast,":[64],"maximum":[70,119],"likelihood":[71,120],"(AWGN":[73],"MLE)":[74],"asymptotically":[76],"approaches":[77],"bound,":[81],"making":[82],"better":[85],"at":[87],"high":[88],"rates.":[90],"Nevertheless,":[91],"outperforms":[95],"AWGN":[97],"MLE":[98],"under":[99,122],"moderate":[100],"levels":[101],"of":[102,124],"multiplicative":[103,128],"decorrelation":[104],"noise,":[105],"could":[107],"therefore":[108],"considered":[110],"more":[111],"robust.":[112],"These":[113],"findings":[114],"motivate":[115],"further":[116],"work":[117],"estimators":[121],"conditions":[123],"both":[125],"noise.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
