{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134197405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939","title":"Exploiting the Randomness of Large Language Models (LLM) in Text Classification Tasks: Locating Privileged Documents in Legal Matters","display_name":"Exploiting the Randomness of Large Language Models (LLM) in Text Classification Tasks: Locating Privileged Documents in Legal Matters","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134197405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029513585","display_name":"Keith Huffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5541-6762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150385","display_name":"Innovation Team (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttbbx73","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150385"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Huffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chief Legal Counsel Export Control US (Global) Head of Export Control Innovation team SAP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief Legal Counsel Export Control US (Global) Head of Export Control Innovation team SAP","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128331927","display_name":"Jianping Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137080","display_name":"University Legal Services","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8rh204","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianping Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049186333","display_name":"Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142469","display_name":"Health Data Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/04rtjaj74","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,London,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052463733","display_name":"Fusheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5881-5307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137080","display_name":"University Legal Services","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8rh204","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fusheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031747844","display_name":"Peter Gronvall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137080","display_name":"University Legal Services","ror":"https://ror.org/03s8rh204","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Gronvall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Legal Technology and Data &#x0026; Analytics Ankura Consulting Group, LLC,Washington,D.C.,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029513585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150385"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88680448,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2320","last_page":"2328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.17720000445842743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.17720000445842743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13643","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Law","score":0.14020000398159027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.11729999631643295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.28119999170303345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4968000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.33250001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161156560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1638872","display_name":"Document retrieval","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata66926.2025.11400939","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.40517082810401917,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138482863","https://openalex.org/W3156333129","https://openalex.org/W4318147781","https://openalex.org/W4382246105","https://openalex.org/W4385567149","https://openalex.org/W4404781852","https://openalex.org/W4406457817","https://openalex.org/W4412945194","https://openalex.org/W7133243359"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T07:06:17.341095","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}
