{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406458742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639","title":"Multimodal Threat Evaluation in Simulated Wargaming Environments","display_name":"Multimodal Threat Evaluation in Simulated Wargaming Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406458742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115904557","display_name":"Pierre Vanvolsem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Vanvolsem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115904558","display_name":"Koen Boeckx","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koen Boeckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086623349","display_name":"Xavier Neyt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-3877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150517870","display_name":"Royal Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02vmnye06","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Neyt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military Academy,Brussels,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5115904557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150517870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28933363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3322","last_page":"3328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6227721571922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.36106371879577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1982859969139099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6227721571922302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.36106371879577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1982859969139099}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825639","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166690062","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1555200229","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W2078622638","https://openalex.org/W2144445939","https://openalex.org/W2560674852","https://openalex.org/W2619824656","https://openalex.org/W2758442112","https://openalex.org/W3017413588","https://openalex.org/W3128355884","https://openalex.org/W3144750446","https://openalex.org/W4254751698","https://openalex.org/W4400729031","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W6606740193","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6640212811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Threat":[0],"evaluation":[1,23],"offers":[2],"significant":[3],"operational":[4],"advantages":[5],"in":[6,49,103],"military":[7,52],"and":[8,16,80,88,114,162],"non-military":[9],"contexts":[10],"by":[11],"reducing":[12],"risks":[13],"to":[14,43,58,83],"personnel":[15],"enhancing":[17,164],"the":[18,31,34,45,141,158,165],"situational":[19],"awareness.":[20],"The":[21,68,91,106,137],"accurate":[22],"of":[24,30,33,47,94,135,143,160,167],"threats,":[25],"requires":[26],"a":[27,39,50,64,77],"comprehensive":[28],"analysis":[29],"behaviors":[32],"agents.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"presents":[38],"supervised":[40],"learning":[41,119],"approach":[42,139],"predict":[44],"intentions":[46],"agents":[48,95],"simulated":[51],"environment,":[53],"focusing":[54],"on":[55,156],"binary":[56],"classification":[57],"determine":[59],"whether":[60],"an":[61,132],"agent":[62],"poses":[63],"threat":[65,150],"or":[66],"not.":[67],"model":[69,107],"integrates":[70],"multimodal":[71,145],"data,":[72,113],"including":[73],"spatial":[74],"information":[75],"from":[76],"grid-based":[78],"map":[79],"features":[81],"related":[82],"agents,":[84],"such":[85],"as":[86],"velocity":[87],"weapon":[89],"possession.":[90],"temporal":[92],"aspect":[93],"is":[96,108],"considered.":[97],"However,":[98],"this":[99],"yields":[100],"limited":[101],"improvements":[102],"prediction":[104],"accuracy.":[105],"evaluated":[109],"using":[110,144],"self-generated":[111],"wargaming":[112],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"deep":[118],"approaches":[120],"leveraging":[121],"spatial-temporal":[122],"data":[123,146,168],"outperform":[124],"traditional":[125],"methods":[126],"like":[127],"Random":[128],"Forest":[129],"models,":[130],"achieving":[131],"AUC":[133],"score":[134],"0.84.":[136],"proposed":[138],"demonstrates":[140],"potential":[142],"fusion":[147],"for":[148],"improving":[149],"identification.":[151],"Future":[152],"work":[153],"will":[154],"focus":[155],"expanding":[157],"diversity":[159],"scenarios":[161],"further":[163],"realism":[166],"generation.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}