{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406460495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154","title":"Prompt Chaining-Assisted Malware Detection: A Hybrid Approach Utilizing Fine-Tuned LLMs and Domain Knowledge-Enriched Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs","display_name":"Prompt Chaining-Assisted Malware Detection: A Hybrid Approach Utilizing Fine-Tuned LLMs and Domain Knowledge-Enriched Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406460495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111249735","display_name":"Neha Mohan Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neha Mohan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049026707","display_name":"Fahmida Tasnim Lisa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahmida Tasnim Lisa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013969000","display_name":"Sheikh Rabiul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheikh Rabiul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rutgers University &#x2013; Camden,Department of Computer Science,New Jersey,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111249735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72847927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1672","last_page":"1677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8074965476989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6950763463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6716943383216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5373358726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-chaining","display_name":"Backward chaining","score":0.48485907912254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4546748101711273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chaining","display_name":"Chaining","score":0.41310253739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14904314279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.1480112373828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.14549660682678223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8074965476989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6950763463973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6716943383216858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5373358726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129916263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141183","display_name":"Backward chaining","level":4,"score":0.48485907912254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4546748101711273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49020025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059099","display_name":"Chaining","level":2,"score":0.41310253739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14904314279556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.1480112373828888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.14549660682678223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825154","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2964301648","https://openalex.org/W3112007611","https://openalex.org/W3112693483","https://openalex.org/W3168867926","https://openalex.org/W4287176715","https://openalex.org/W4293192140","https://openalex.org/W4319079731","https://openalex.org/W4385713994","https://openalex.org/W4392942031","https://openalex.org/W4396881793","https://openalex.org/W4400348372","https://openalex.org/W4400438947","https://openalex.org/W4402446610","https://openalex.org/W4403628430","https://openalex.org/W6796033520","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6855333034","https://openalex.org/W6866871694"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132414486","https://openalex.org/W2044830634","https://openalex.org/W2114383597","https://openalex.org/W2472912427","https://openalex.org/W2767696758","https://openalex.org/W4238340239","https://openalex.org/W2184441786","https://openalex.org/W2886511220","https://openalex.org/W2001235946","https://openalex.org/W2129428592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"malware":[1,24],"threats":[2],"continue":[3],"to":[4,41,128],"evolve":[5],"in":[6,101],"complexity,":[7],"developing":[8],"accurate":[9,103],"and":[10,34,46,57,60,92,105,119,131],"explainable":[11],"detection":[12,44,104],"systems":[13],"is":[14],"crucial":[15],"for":[16,115,121],"robust":[17],"cybersecurity.":[18],"This":[19],"paper":[20],"introduces":[21],"a":[22,84],"hybrid":[23],"classification":[25,111],"system":[26,49],"that":[27],"leverages":[28],"fine-tuned":[29],"large":[30],"language":[31],"models":[32,69],"(LLMs)":[33],"an":[35],"enriched":[36],"cybersecurity":[37],"knowledge":[38,85],"graph":[39,86],"(KG)":[40],"enhance":[42],"both":[43],"accuracy":[45],"interpretability.":[47],"The":[48,95],"processes":[50],"two":[51],"types":[52],"of":[53,113],"input":[54],"data\u2014network":[55],"packets":[56],"memory":[58,122],"dumps,":[59],"classifies":[61],"applications":[62],"as":[63],"benign":[64],"or":[65],"malign.":[66],"Fine-tuned":[67],"Llama":[68],"provide":[70],"initial":[71],"classifications,":[72],"along":[73],"with":[74,88],"reasoning,":[75,99],"which":[76],"are":[77],"further":[78],"refined":[79],"through":[80],"prompt":[81],"chaining":[82],"using":[83],"populated":[87],"MITRE":[89],"ATT&CK":[90],"data":[91,118],"SecureBERT":[93],"embeddings.":[94],"KG":[96],"facilitates":[97],"contextual":[98],"resulting":[100],"more":[102],"informed":[106],"decision-making.":[107],"Experimental":[108],"results":[109],"demonstrate":[110],"accuracies":[112],"91.2%":[114],"network":[116],"packet":[117],"94.35%":[120],"dump":[123],"data,":[124],"despite":[125],"challenges":[126],"related":[127],"LLM":[129],"hallucinations":[130],"output":[132],"parsing.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
