{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406458665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112","title":"Unsupervised Machine Learning for Detecting and Locating Human-Made Objects in 3D Point Cloud","display_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning for Detecting and Locating Human-Made Objects in 3D Point Cloud","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406458665","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024659597","display_name":"Hong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0927-8634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066571491","display_name":"Huyunting Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huyunting Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089567067","display_name":"Tonglin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3312-2293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tonglin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089355143","display_name":"Baijian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baijian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758372","display_name":"Jin Wei\u2010Kocsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-6382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Wei-Kocsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032832468","display_name":"Songlin Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-0166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songlin Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University,West Lafayette,Indiana","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024659597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2177,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53519522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1500","last_page":"1507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9812999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.8110774755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7805427312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6314777731895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6120542883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.560924768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5120065808296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4485345482826233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.8110774755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7805427312850952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6314777731895447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6120542883872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.560924768447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5120065808296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4485345482826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10825112","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48960425","https://openalex.org/W54516136","https://openalex.org/W1535106372","https://openalex.org/W1981106668","https://openalex.org/W1984745123","https://openalex.org/W1995807936","https://openalex.org/W2009214675","https://openalex.org/W2016102955","https://openalex.org/W2027781877","https://openalex.org/W2029247499","https://openalex.org/W2032101051","https://openalex.org/W2065438578","https://openalex.org/W2072993052","https://openalex.org/W2076072287","https://openalex.org/W2081923829","https://openalex.org/W2085493949","https://openalex.org/W2091168295","https://openalex.org/W2092924074","https://openalex.org/W2104998606","https://openalex.org/W2126305855","https://openalex.org/W2142477181","https://openalex.org/W2158166073","https://openalex.org/W2436494909","https://openalex.org/W2578031875","https://openalex.org/W2768231875","https://openalex.org/W2901309252","https://openalex.org/W3022998786","https://openalex.org/W3211977733","https://openalex.org/W4236965008","https://openalex.org/W4392152640","https://openalex.org/W6601946194","https://openalex.org/W6602225176","https://openalex.org/W6763422710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W3196155444","https://openalex.org/W4321844043","https://openalex.org/W3210156800","https://openalex.org/W4390062853","https://openalex.org/W4297883248","https://openalex.org/W4255830763","https://openalex.org/W1583266947","https://openalex.org/W4286799911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0],"point":[1],"clouds":[2],"are":[3,103],"unstructured,":[4],"sparse,":[5],"and":[6,29,40,45,64,76,121,189,236,246],"irregular":[7],"data":[8,35],"collected":[9],"by":[10,94],"airborne":[11],"LiDAR":[12,197],"systems":[13,23],"over":[14],"a":[15,72,128,153,202,211],"geological":[16],"region.":[17],"Laser":[18],"pulses":[19],"emitted":[20],"from":[21,199,207],"the":[22,31,37,43,46,60,89,95,124,139,150,157,161,166,169,177,180,184,218,222,228,237],"reflect":[24],"off":[25],"objects":[26,79,209],"both":[27],"on":[28,88,146],"above":[30],"ground,":[32],"resulting":[33],"in":[34],"with":[36],"longitude,":[38],"latitude,":[39],"elevation":[41],"of":[42,112,141,160,179,217],"points,":[44],"corresponding":[47],"laser":[48],"pulse":[49],"strengths.":[50],"Ground":[51],"filtering":[52,97,126,144,231],"is":[53,57,86,135,163,174,195],"important.":[54],"The":[55,84,108,192,214],"aim":[56],"to":[58,105,137,176],"partition":[59],"points":[61,186,198,243],"into":[62,187],"ground":[63,96,115,125,143,230],"non-ground":[65,90,185],"subsets.":[66],"In":[67,123,149,165],"addition,":[68],"this":[69],"research":[70],"introduces":[71],"novel":[73],"task:":[74],"detecting":[75],"identifying":[77],"human-made":[78,190,208,247],"amidst":[80],"natural":[81],"tree":[82],"structures.":[83],"task":[85],"performed":[87],"subset":[91],"derived":[92],"given":[93],"stage.":[98],"Marked":[99],"Point":[100],"Fields":[101],"(MPFs)":[102],"used":[104],"these":[106],"tasks.":[107],"proposed":[109,229],"methodology":[110],"consists":[111],"three":[113],"stages:":[114],"filtering,":[116],"local":[117],"information":[118],"extraction":[119],"(LIE),":[120],"clustering.":[122],"stage,":[127,152,168],"statistical":[129],"method":[130,155,232,239],"called":[131],"One-Sided":[132],"Regression":[133],"(OSR)":[134],"devised":[136],"overcome":[138],"limitations":[140],"prior":[142],"methods":[145],"uneven":[147],"terrains.":[148],"LIE":[151,181,238],"kernel-based":[154],"for":[156,182],"Hessian":[158,215],"matrix":[159,216],"MPF":[162,219],"developed.":[164],"clustering":[167],"Gaussian":[170],"Mixture":[171],"Model":[172],"(GMM)":[173],"applied":[175],"results":[178,225],"partitioning":[183],"trees":[188,200,245],"objects.":[191,248],"underlying":[193],"assumption":[194],"that":[196,227],"exhibit":[201],"three-dimensional":[203],"distribution,":[204],"while":[205],"those":[206],"follow":[210],"two-dimensional":[212],"distribution.":[213],"effectively":[220],"captures":[221],"difference.":[223],"Experimental":[224],"demonstrate":[226],"outperforms":[233],"previous":[234],"techniques,":[235],"successfully":[240],"distinguishes":[241],"between":[242],"representing":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}