{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406461957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999","title":"At Risk Population Estimates for Belarus, Poland and Slovakia with Machine Learning","display_name":"At Risk Population Estimates for Belarus, Poland and Slovakia with Machine Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406461957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2538356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082690654","display_name":"Viswadeep Lebakula","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-5914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viswadeep Lebakula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106401097","display_name":"Clinton Stipek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clinton Stipek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110351322","display_name":"Daniel B. Adams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106401098","display_name":"Justin Epting","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Epting","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004105435","display_name":"Marie Urban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9571-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Urban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Geospatial Science and Human Securities Division,Knoxville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082690654"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1309980932"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6483,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88859169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5804","last_page":"5811"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12935","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Public Health","score":0.9599999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.9588000178337097,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.46600064635276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4627983272075653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.33910825848579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3234007656574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demography","display_name":"Demography","score":0.23373454809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.07527515292167664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46600064635276794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4627983272075653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.33910825848579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3234007656574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.23373454809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.07527515292167664}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata62323.2024.10824999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2538356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2538356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2538356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2538356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645119126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1719536385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2296932962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3299391273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"E-AC05-00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G691578896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR2272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340972926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"other","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995982022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414908677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8799952057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-00OR22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8906985441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00OR22725","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1433483747","https://openalex.org/W1541771177","https://openalex.org/W1987767032","https://openalex.org/W2006561424","https://openalex.org/W2013787966","https://openalex.org/W2057442840","https://openalex.org/W2281960265","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2580095392","https://openalex.org/W2587518584","https://openalex.org/W2905333671","https://openalex.org/W2913373751","https://openalex.org/W2951768252","https://openalex.org/W3008506501","https://openalex.org/W3018862352","https://openalex.org/W3028293928","https://openalex.org/W3032953096","https://openalex.org/W4207058779","https://openalex.org/W4211251010","https://openalex.org/W4224212901","https://openalex.org/W4226337984","https://openalex.org/W4293759745","https://openalex.org/W4318683761","https://openalex.org/W4361017471","https://openalex.org/W4361982189","https://openalex.org/W4391807317","https://openalex.org/W4391840798","https://openalex.org/W4392943272","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W6632615139","https://openalex.org/W6679573215","https://openalex.org/W6695155240","https://openalex.org/W6807617398","https://openalex.org/W6999705093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-resolution":[0],"gridded":[1,26],"population":[2,27,50,94,107],"modeling":[3],"is":[4,43,171,220],"crucial":[5],"for":[6,96,140,142,214],"various":[7],"applications,":[8],"including":[9],"disaster":[10],"response":[11],"planning,":[12],"infectious":[13],"disease":[14],"spread":[15],"modeling,":[16],"climate":[17],"change":[18],"impact":[19],"estimation,":[20],"policy":[21],"development,":[22],"and":[23,48,68,78,89,113,129,147,161],"more.":[24],"Multiple":[25],"datasets":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30],"developed,":[31],"each":[32],"tailored":[33],"to":[34,45,86,138,159,167,173],"meet":[35],"specific":[36],"objectives.":[37],"Among":[38],"them,":[39],"LandScan":[40,174],"Global":[41,175],"dataset":[42,54],"designed":[44],"represent":[46],"ambient":[47],"unwarned":[49],"distributions.":[51],"However,":[52],"this":[53,103],"relies":[55],"on":[56,92,135],"a":[57,116],"statistical":[58],"approach":[59,210],"that":[60,152],"requires":[61],"manual":[62],"adjustments,":[63],"making":[64],"it":[65],"time":[66],"consuming":[67],"labour":[69],"intensive.":[70],"Existing":[71],"machine":[72],"learning":[73],"(ML)":[74],"methods":[75],"often":[76],"train":[77],"test":[79],"at":[80,115],"different":[81],"spatial":[82],"resolutions,":[83],"potentially":[84],"leading":[85],"inflated":[87],"results,":[88],"they":[90],"rely":[91],"Census":[93,218],"totals":[95],"disaggregation.":[97],"To":[98],"address":[99],"these":[100],"limitations,":[101],"in":[102,195,203],"study":[104],"we":[105],"developed":[106],"estimates":[108],"using":[109,125],"ML":[110],"models":[111,132,181],"trained":[112,134],"tested":[114],"consistent":[117],"30":[118],"arc-second":[119],"resolution":[120],"(\u22481":[121],"square":[122],"kilometer),":[123],"specifically":[124],"Random":[126],"Forest":[127],"(RF)":[128],"XGBoost.":[130],"These":[131],"were":[133],"2020":[136],"datum":[137],"predict":[139],"2021":[141],"three":[143],"countries:":[144],"Belarus,":[145],"Poland,":[146],"Slovakia.":[148],"Our":[149],"findings":[150],"show":[151],"both":[153],"RF":[154,190],"(MAE":[155,163],"varies":[156,164],"from":[157,165],"5.75":[158],"13.25)":[160],"XGBoost":[162,201],"8.15":[166],"23.44)":[168],"model":[169,191],"performance":[170],"close":[172],"estimates.":[176],"Furthermore,":[177],"neither":[178],"of":[179],"the":[180,183,189,217],"performed":[182],"best":[184],"across":[185],"all":[186],"grid":[187],"cells:":[188],"was":[192],"more":[193,204],"effective":[194],"areas":[196],"with":[197],"lower":[198],"populations,":[199],"while":[200],"excelled":[202],"densely":[205],"populated":[206],"regions.":[207],"The":[208],"proposed":[209],"can":[211],"be":[212],"used":[213],"countries":[215],"where":[216],"data":[219],"not":[221],"available.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}