{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391092977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402","title":"Exploring the Distinctive Tweeting Patterns of Toxic Twitter Users","display_name":"Exploring the Distinctive Tweeting Patterns of Toxic Twitter Users","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391092977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027952574","display_name":"Hina Qayyum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2431-3039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hina Qayyum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085746400","display_name":"Muhammad Ikram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ikram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016670591","display_name":"Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2774-2675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023924528","display_name":"I. G. Wood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6094-0358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian D. Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049671186","display_name":"Nicolas Kourtellis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5674-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134591","display_name":"Telefonica Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/03qgzzb04","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097190","https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicolas Kourtellis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telefonica Research,Barcelona,Spain","Telefonica Research, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telefonica Research,Barcelona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telefonica Research, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134591"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040251515","display_name":"Mohamed Ali K\u00e2afar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-0276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Ali Kaafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University,Sydney,Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3624","last_page":"3633"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6153388619422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.5528450012207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5428460240364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microblogging","display_name":"Microblogging","score":0.46772611141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.43800145387649536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6153388619422913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.5528450012207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5428460240364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143275388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92438","display_name":"Microblogging","level":3,"score":0.46772611141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.43800145387649536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088064201","https://openalex.org/W2125347318","https://openalex.org/W2131485284","https://openalex.org/W2481293273","https://openalex.org/W2508200300","https://openalex.org/W2740168486","https://openalex.org/W2783564496","https://openalex.org/W2798858922","https://openalex.org/W2800596622","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2941041872","https://openalex.org/W2954406769","https://openalex.org/W2965501349","https://openalex.org/W2972046246","https://openalex.org/W2982460831","https://openalex.org/W3035082952","https://openalex.org/W3088424418","https://openalex.org/W3089703818","https://openalex.org/W3093798014","https://openalex.org/W3118137310","https://openalex.org/W3124376805","https://openalex.org/W3142101568","https://openalex.org/W3152625088","https://openalex.org/W3169973903","https://openalex.org/W3199394329","https://openalex.org/W3205169765","https://openalex.org/W4286588454","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4361193284","https://openalex.org/W4380301717","https://openalex.org/W4385018060","https://openalex.org/W4385412489","https://openalex.org/W6675749544","https://openalex.org/W6750451982","https://openalex.org/W6767894129","https://openalex.org/W6787991034","https://openalex.org/W6840383457","https://openalex.org/W6855154568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2728430307","https://openalex.org/W2107786128","https://openalex.org/W2053241453","https://openalex.org/W2153980712","https://openalex.org/W2537388533","https://openalex.org/W2036556872","https://openalex.org/W2017590198","https://openalex.org/W2978974359","https://openalex.org/W2021183651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,41,98,106,119,161,188,217,234],"pursuit":[2],"of":[3,44,84,100,132,163,190],"bolstering":[4],"user":[5,18],"safety,":[6],"social":[7,184],"media":[8,185],"platforms":[9],"deploy":[10],"active":[11],"moderation":[12,214],"strategies,":[13],"including":[14,142],"content":[15],"removal":[16],"and":[17,104,122,152,178,209,226,231],"suspension.":[19],"These":[20,155],"measures":[21],"target":[22],"users":[23,49,58,103,109,193],"engaged":[24],"in":[25,216],"discussions":[26],"marked":[27],"by":[28],"hate":[29],"speech":[30],"or":[31,38,74],"toxicity,":[32],"often":[33],"linked":[34],"to":[35,130,149,182,202,205,223,233],"specific":[36,72],"keywords":[37],"hashtags.":[39],"Nonetheless,":[40],"increasing":[42],"prevalence":[43],"toxicity":[45,208],"indicates":[46],"that":[47],"certain":[48],"adeptly":[50],"circumvent":[51],"these":[52],"measures.This":[53],"study":[54],"examines":[55],"consistently":[56,111,191],"toxic":[57,85,113,134,170,192],"on":[59,67,71,82,116,172,195],"Twitter":[60,102,177],"(rebranded":[61],"as":[62,150],"X)":[63],"Rather":[64],"than":[65],"relying":[66,115],"traditional":[68],"methods":[69],"based":[70,81,194],"topics":[73],"hashtags,":[75],"we":[76,136],"employ":[77],"a":[78,164],"novel":[79],"approach":[80],"patterns":[83,129],"tweets,":[86],"yielding":[87],"deeper":[88],"insights":[89,211],"into":[90],"their":[91,127,196],"behavior.We":[92],"analyzed":[93],"38":[94],"million":[95],"tweets":[96],"from":[97],"timelines":[99],"12,148":[101],"identified":[105],"top":[107],"1,457":[108],"who":[110],"exhibit":[112],"behavior,":[114],"metrics":[117],"like":[118],"Gini":[120],"index":[121],"Toxicity":[123],"score.":[124],"By":[125],"comparing":[126],"posting":[128,197],"those":[131],"non-consistently":[133],"users,":[135],"have":[137],"uncovered":[138],"distinctive":[139],"temporal":[140],"patterns,":[141],"contiguous":[143],"activity":[144],"spans,":[145],"inter-tweet":[146],"intervals":[147],"(referred":[148],"\u201cBurstiness\u201d),":[151],"churn":[153],"analysis.":[154],"findings":[156],"provide":[157,228],"strong":[158],"evidence":[159],"for":[160,212],"existence":[162],"unique":[165],"tweeting":[166],"pattern":[167],"associated":[168],"with":[169],"behavior":[171],"Twitter.Crucially,":[173],"our":[174,229],"methodology":[175],"transcends":[176],"can":[179],"be":[180],"adapted":[181],"various":[183],"platforms,":[186],"facilitating":[187],"identification":[189],"behavior.":[198],"This":[199],"research":[200,225,235],"contributes":[201],"ongoing":[203],"efforts":[204],"combat":[206],"online":[207],"offers":[210],"refining":[213],"strategies":[215],"digital":[218],"realm.":[219],"We":[220],"are":[221],"committed":[222],"open":[224],"will":[227],"code":[230],"data":[232],"community.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
