{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391096913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132","title":"Learning Explainable Multi-view Representations for Malware Authorship Attribution","display_name":"Learning Explainable Multi-view Representations for Malware Authorship Attribution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391096913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104182462","display_name":"Irsyad Adam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irsyad Adam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Los Angeles","University of California, Los Angeles"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Los Angeles","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225451","display_name":"Alex Waagen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Waagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories, LLC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories, LLC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085778849","display_name":"Dana Warmsley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana Warmsley","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories, LLC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories, LLC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102267796","display_name":"Jiejun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiejun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories, LLC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories, LLC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104182462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78809605,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3099","last_page":"3106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.907944917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.788435697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5953871011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptovirology","display_name":"Cryptovirology","score":0.5835549831390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.5363316535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.4830361306667328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47928303480148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.45189619064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4480135142803192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4305139482021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.393314927816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3533979058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3352962136268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3337366580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3298787474632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18610793352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.1295132040977478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.907944917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.788435697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5953871011734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.5835549831390381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.5363316535949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.4830361306667328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47928303480148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.45189619064331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4480135142803192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4305139482021332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.393314927816391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3533979058265686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3352962136268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3337366580963135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3298787474632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18610793352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.1295132040977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52034128","https://openalex.org/W54929040","https://openalex.org/W1888005072","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2408129138","https://openalex.org/W2516577067","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2564822508","https://openalex.org/W2612186685","https://openalex.org/W2742956140","https://openalex.org/W2744097819","https://openalex.org/W2745390745","https://openalex.org/W2765363641","https://openalex.org/W2914961791","https://openalex.org/W2941288924","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2972317931","https://openalex.org/W2976414818","https://openalex.org/W2984763267","https://openalex.org/W3087257704","https://openalex.org/W3094497296","https://openalex.org/W3103717137","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3112311055","https://openalex.org/W3122616238","https://openalex.org/W3153398259","https://openalex.org/W3156650687","https://openalex.org/W3205447009","https://openalex.org/W3210041965","https://openalex.org/W4200246994","https://openalex.org/W4226079614","https://openalex.org/W4226181420","https://openalex.org/W4287849792","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4320024111","https://openalex.org/W6602119137","https://openalex.org/W6628591231","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6779518175","https://openalex.org/W6786048916","https://openalex.org/W6789007750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256304280","https://openalex.org/W4249009605","https://openalex.org/W2900526031","https://openalex.org/W2395100307","https://openalex.org/W2909615516","https://openalex.org/W3183826413","https://openalex.org/W4243179955","https://openalex.org/W3205001643","https://openalex.org/W2557742076","https://openalex.org/W2968504645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malware":[0],"poses":[1],"an":[2,96],"ever-growing":[3],"threat":[4,18],"to":[5,58,62,84,133,144],"organizations,":[6],"governments,":[7],"and":[8,15,67,120,131],"institutions.":[9],"To":[10],"effectively":[11],"combat":[12],"its":[13],"proliferation":[14],"development":[16],"by":[17],"actors,":[19],"identifying":[20],"the":[21,78,82,86,114],"authors":[22],"of":[23,81,88,148],"malware":[24,32,45,71,89,105,137],"is":[25,48,54],"a":[26,55,65,135,154],"crucial":[27],"step.":[28],"Existing":[29],"efforts":[30],"in":[31,51,161],"authorship":[33,106,162],"attribution":[34],"often":[35],"focus":[36],"on":[37,153],"extracting":[38],"stylistic":[39],"features":[40],"from":[41,70,113],"source":[42,46],"code.":[43],"However,":[44],"code":[47],"frequently":[49],"limited":[50],"availability.":[52],"There":[53],"strong":[56],"need":[57],"develop":[59],"effective":[60],"methods":[61],"directly":[63],"extract":[64,109],"robust":[66],"salient":[68],"representation":[69,74,102],"binaries.":[72],"This":[73],"should":[75],"adeptly":[76],"capture":[77],"inherent":[79],"characteristics":[80],"binaries":[83],"facilitate":[85],"identification":[87],"authors.":[90],"In":[91],"our":[92],"work,":[93],"we":[94,140],"introduce":[95,141],"approach":[97],"that":[98],"leverages":[99],"multi-view":[100],"graph":[101],"learning":[103],"for":[104],"attribution.":[107,163],"We":[108],"various":[110],"intermediate":[111],"representations":[112,125],"binary,":[115],"including":[116],"control":[117],"flow":[118],"graphs":[119],"function":[121],"call":[122],"graphs.":[123],"These":[124],"are":[126],"encoded":[127],"using":[128],"GNN-based":[129],"functions":[130],"fused":[132],"create":[134],"comprehensive":[136],"representation.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"GNN-explainability":[142],"approaches":[143],"identify":[145],"subgraphs":[146],"indicative":[147],"class":[149],"membership.":[150],"Our":[151],"experiments":[152],"recent":[155],"benchmark":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"significant":[158],"performance":[159],"enhancements":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}