{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318148196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008","title":"Graph Representation Learning based Vulnerable Target Identification in Ransomware Attacks","display_name":"Graph Representation Learning based Vulnerable Target Identification in Ransomware Attacks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318148196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069331320","display_name":"Wenqi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9177-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenqi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954416","display_name":"Mu Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3476-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022104684","display_name":"Eric Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4368-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029836002","display_name":"Divyesh Jadav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085935","display_name":"IBM Research - Almaden","ror":"https://ror.org/005w8dd04","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210085935","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Divyesh Jadav","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden,San Jose,California,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research - Almaden, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069331320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88183254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2423","last_page":"2430"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.9424368143081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8292956352233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.5882115364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.49360811710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.49044033885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4081677794456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40728574991226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3590303063392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33438777923583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.17737531661987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11171784996986389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.9424368143081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8292956352233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.5882115364074707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.49360811710357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.49044033885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4081677794456482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40728574991226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3590303063392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33438777923583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.17737531661987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11171784996986389}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10021008","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146900863","https://openalex.org/W2154851992","https://openalex.org/W2513529237","https://openalex.org/W2785743295","https://openalex.org/W2802988977","https://openalex.org/W2914721378","https://openalex.org/W2949012968","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962912862","https://openalex.org/W2974072230","https://openalex.org/W2980075242","https://openalex.org/W3044897978","https://openalex.org/W3104097132","https://openalex.org/W3129608404","https://openalex.org/W3134204681","https://openalex.org/W3145100113","https://openalex.org/W3157639148","https://openalex.org/W3207377746","https://openalex.org/W4210389911","https://openalex.org/W4231449374","https://openalex.org/W4251194840","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6743410771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201228709","https://openalex.org/W2955195711","https://openalex.org/W2922354075","https://openalex.org/W4389157351","https://openalex.org/W4253977752","https://openalex.org/W2964829536","https://openalex.org/W3120595989","https://openalex.org/W4232561318","https://openalex.org/W2904586340","https://openalex.org/W3214090987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"increased":[1],"digitization":[2],"of":[3,15,27,124,151,189],"commercial":[4],"and":[5,11,32,96,106,131],"consumer":[6],"workflows,":[7],"accelerated":[8,209],"cloud":[9,31],"adoption,":[10],"the":[12,55,73,111,125,137,148,152,163,171,194],"growing":[13],"sophistication":[14],"cyber":[16,28,210],"criminals":[17],"have":[18],"resulted":[19],"in":[20,30,37,67,179,193],"ransomware":[21,47,68,74,103,173,183,205],"emerging":[22],"as":[23,77,79,114],"a":[24,120,133,180],"major":[25],"threat":[26],"attacks":[29],"data":[33,82,112,192],"services.":[34],"While":[35],"research":[36],"malware":[38],"detection":[39,56,75,184,206],"can":[40,50,177,198],"be":[41,51,200],"partially":[42],"adapted":[43],"for":[44,208],"ransomware,":[45],"specific":[46],"infection":[48],"patterns":[49],"leveraged":[52],"to":[53,71,162],"improve":[54],"efficiency.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61,87,92,109,146],"focus":[62],"on":[63,101,136],"identifying":[64],"vulnerable":[65,172,191],"targets":[66],"attacks,":[69],"aiming":[70],"accelerate":[72],"process":[76,185],"well":[78],"enable":[80],"better":[81],"backup":[83,113,144],"policies":[84],"design.":[85],"Specifically,":[86],"make":[88],"three":[89],"contributions.":[90],"First,":[91],"characterize":[93],"lexical":[94],"features":[95,100],"hierarchical":[97],"file":[98],"structure":[99],"those":[102],"infected":[104],"files":[105],"folders.":[107],"Second,":[108],"model":[110],"an":[115],"attributed":[116],"tree":[117],"graph,":[118],"learn":[119],"new":[121,138],"feature":[122],"representation":[123,154],"nodes":[126],"with":[127,141],"graph":[128,153],"neural":[129],"networks,":[130],"train":[132],"classifier":[134],"based":[135,156],"features.":[139],"Third,":[140],"real-world":[142],"snapshot":[143],"instances,":[145],"demonstrate":[147],"superior":[149],"performance":[150],"learning":[155],"approach":[157],"over":[158],"several":[159],"baselines.":[160],"Compared":[161],"traditional":[164],"full-scan":[165],"approaches,":[166],"our":[167],"finding":[168],"suggests":[169],"that":[170],"attack":[174],"target":[175],"identification":[176],"result":[178],"more":[181],"efficient":[182],"via":[186],"focused":[187],"inspection":[188],"most":[190],"backups.":[195],"Our":[196],"method":[197],"also":[199],"easily":[201],"integrated":[202],"into":[203],"existing":[204],"systems":[207],"resiliency.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}