{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318147455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800","title":"Dark patterns in e-commerce: a dataset and its baseline evaluations","display_name":"Dark patterns in e-commerce: a dataset and its baseline evaluations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318147455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082044675","display_name":"Yuki Yada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuki Yada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076229330","display_name":"Jiaying Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaying Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085960050","display_name":"Tsuneo Matsumoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113041","display_name":"National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/023vnxa51","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113041"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsuneo Matsumoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan,Sagamihara,Japan","National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan, Sagamihara, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan,Sagamihara,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan, Sagamihara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073554128","display_name":"Nao Fukushima","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096607","display_name":"Line Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00qg8pm87","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096607","https://openalex.org/I60922564"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nao Fukushima","raw_affiliation_strings":["LINE Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","LINE Corporation, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINE Corporation,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LINE Corporation, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027611758","display_name":"Fuyuko Kido","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyuko Kido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering,Tokyo,Japan","National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031456992","display_name":"Hayato Yamana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-4826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hayato Yamana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082044675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79951519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3015","last_page":"3022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.7260054349899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7069240212440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4259248971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40448883175849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07182261347770691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.7260054349899292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7069240212440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4259248971939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40448883175849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07182261347770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020800","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2795529671","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2912083425","https://openalex.org/W2913954081","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2996428491","https://openalex.org/W3030993165","https://openalex.org/W3094784499","https://openalex.org/W4225007802","https://openalex.org/W4288075917","https://openalex.org/W4288086176","https://openalex.org/W4289328458","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6763701032","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6768021236","https://openalex.org/W6799573394","https://openalex.org/W6810589874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2101155126","https://openalex.org/W2043093291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dark":[0],"patterns,":[1],"which":[2,77],"are":[3,150],"user":[4],"interface":[5],"designs":[6],"in":[7,74],"online":[8],"services,":[9],"induce":[10],"users":[11],"to":[12,115],"take":[13],"unintended":[14],"actions.":[15],"Recently,":[16],"dark":[17,37,50,81],"patterns":[18,38],"have":[19],"been":[20],"raised":[21],"as":[22,103,121],"an":[23],"issue":[24],"of":[25,33,79,132,140],"privacy":[26],"and":[27,53,127,146],"fairness.":[28],"Thus,":[29],"a":[30,47,130],"wide":[31],"range":[32],"research":[34],"on":[35],"detecting":[36],"is":[39],"eagerly":[40],"awaited.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,88,135],"constructed":[46],"dataset":[48,66,145],"for":[49],"pattern":[51,82,94],"detection":[52,57,119],"prepared":[54],"its":[55],"baseline":[56,147],"performance":[58],"with":[59,142],"state-of-the-art":[60,111],"machine":[61,112],"learning":[62,113],"methods.":[63],"The":[64,144],"original":[65],"was":[67],"obtained":[68],"from":[69,84,99],"Mathur":[70,104],"et":[71,105],"al.\u2019s":[72,106],"study":[73],"2019":[75],"[1],":[76],"consists":[78],"1,818":[80],"texts":[83,98],"shopping":[85],"sites.":[86],"Then,":[87],"added":[89],"negative":[90],"samples,":[91],"i.e.,":[92],"non-dark":[93],"texts,":[95],"by":[96],"retrieving":[97],"the":[100,117,137],"same":[101],"websites":[102],"dataset.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109],"applied":[110],"methods":[114],"show":[116],"automatic":[118],"accuracy":[120,139],"baselines,":[122],"including":[123],"BERT,":[124],"RoBERTa,":[125],"ALBERT,":[126],"XLNet.":[128],"As":[129],"result":[131],"5-fold":[133],"cross-validation,":[134],"achieved":[136],"highest":[138],"0.975":[141],"RoBERTa.":[143],"source":[148],"codes":[149],"available":[151],"at":[152],"https://github.com/yamanalab/ec-darkpattern.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-02-21T06:11:54.161237","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}