{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4318186064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791","title":"Is Unimodal Bias Always Bad for Visual Question Answering? A Medical Domain Study with Dynamic Attention","display_name":"Is Unimodal Bias Always Bad for Visual Question Answering? A Medical Domain Study with Dynamic Attention","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4318186064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1135472","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083169271","display_name":"Zhongtian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0489-5203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongtian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022110111","display_name":"Anoushka Harit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoushka Harit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034125179","display_name":"Alexandra I. Cristea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-8822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra I. Cristea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005611002","display_name":"Jialin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0287-5081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017619842","display_name":"Noura Al Moubayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-355X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noura Al Moubayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100427516","display_name":"Lei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7119-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Durham University,Department of Computer Science,Durham,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083169271"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2395,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61022001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5352","last_page":"5360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8468832969665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7622172832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6670296788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6184899806976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5557766556739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5330186486244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.46769002079963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46644043922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.4597032964229584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-embedding","display_name":"Graph embedding","score":0.4355073571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4341140687465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4158865809440613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8468832969665527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7622172832489014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6670296788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6184899806976318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5557766556739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5330186486244202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.46769002079963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46644043922424316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.4597032964229584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75564084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597085","display_name":"Graph embedding","level":3,"score":0.4355073571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4341140687465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4158865809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607709","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.dur.ac.uk.OAI2:37499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dro.dur.ac.uk/37499/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196258","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Big Data, Osaka, Japan, 17-20 Dec 2022 [Conference proceedings]","raw_type":"Conference item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:108674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData55660.2022.10020791>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1135472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1135472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ncl.ac.uk:288461","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1135472","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1135472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1933349210","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2793127982","https://openalex.org/W2901466771","https://openalex.org/W2955124656","https://openalex.org/W2963383024","https://openalex.org/W2963521239","https://openalex.org/W2963954913","https://openalex.org/W2970398671","https://openalex.org/W2979525559","https://openalex.org/W2982699810","https://openalex.org/W3002544904","https://openalex.org/W3004349648","https://openalex.org/W3011651912","https://openalex.org/W3011797839","https://openalex.org/W3012716110","https://openalex.org/W3034765865","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3094950914","https://openalex.org/W3098967712","https://openalex.org/W3099465677","https://openalex.org/W3109643012","https://openalex.org/W3167917117","https://openalex.org/W3169622372","https://openalex.org/W3177797549","https://openalex.org/W3184940953","https://openalex.org/W3190587204","https://openalex.org/W3198570286","https://openalex.org/W3200936534","https://openalex.org/W3201068857","https://openalex.org/W3203255640","https://openalex.org/W3210179814","https://openalex.org/W4210867585","https://openalex.org/W4226321871","https://openalex.org/W4226423782","https://openalex.org/W4284896159","https://openalex.org/W4286795917","https://openalex.org/W4287550992","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4312515269","https://openalex.org/W4379879090","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6752083267","https://openalex.org/W6764756247","https://openalex.org/W6784187948","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6784491437","https://openalex.org/W6796768152","https://openalex.org/W6797464607","https://openalex.org/W6798231272","https://openalex.org/W6839395506","https://openalex.org/W6910730993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2951097643","https://openalex.org/W2391533720","https://openalex.org/W4309395021","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W204133468","https://openalex.org/W2991310128","https://openalex.org/W2395174199","https://openalex.org/W4226441484","https://openalex.org/W2516703895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"visual":[1],"question":[2,97,120,156],"answering":[3],"(Med-VQA)":[4],"is":[5,17,54],"to":[6,23],"answer":[7],"medical":[8],"questions":[9,111],"based":[10],"on":[11,91,131],"clinical":[12],"images":[13],"provided.":[14],"This":[15],"field":[16],"still":[18],"in":[19,44,58,95],"its":[20],"infancy":[21],"due":[22],"the":[24,27,45,64,101,132,147],"complexity":[25],"of":[26,30,66,105,119],"trio":[28],"formed":[29],"questions,":[31],"multimodal":[32,124],"features":[33],"and":[34,98,135,151],"expert":[35],"knowledge.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,62],"tackle,":[41],"a":[42,68,78,96,117],"\u2019myth\u2019":[43],"Natural":[46],"Language":[47],"Processing":[48],"area":[49],"-":[50],"that":[51,109,137],"unimodal":[52],"bias":[53],"always":[55],"considered":[56],"undesirable":[57],"learning":[59,82,103],"models.":[60],"Additionally,":[61],"study":[63],"effect":[65],"integrating":[67],"novel":[69],"dynamic":[70,86],"attention":[71,87],"mechanism":[72],"into":[73],"such":[74],"models,":[75],"inspired":[76],"by":[77],"recent":[79],"graph":[80],"deep":[81],"study.Unlike":[83],"traditional":[84],"attention,":[85],"scores":[88],"are":[89,112],"conditioned":[90],"different":[92],"query":[93],"words":[94],"thus":[99],"enhance":[100],"representation":[102],"ability":[104],"texts.":[106],"We":[107],"propose":[108],"some":[110],"answered":[113],"more":[114],"accurately":[115],"with":[116],"reinforcement":[118],"embedding":[121],"after":[122],"fusing":[123],"features.":[125],"Extensive":[126],"experiments":[127],"have":[128],"been":[129],"implemented":[130],"VQA-RAD":[133],"datasets":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"our":[138],"proposed":[139],"model,":[140],"reinforCe":[141],"unimOdal":[142],"dynamiC":[143],"Attention":[144],"(COCA),":[145],"outperforms":[146],"state-of-the-art":[148],"methods":[149],"overall":[150],"performs":[152],"competitively":[153],"at":[154],"open-ended":[155],"answering.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
