{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205627261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823","title":"Identifying Social Media Content Supporting Proud Boys","display_name":"Identifying Social Media Content Supporting Proud Boys","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205627261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031527193","display_name":"Md Fahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5401-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Fahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engg., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engg., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062836381","display_name":"Swapna S. Gokhale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-8146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swapna S. Gokhale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Engg., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Engg., Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031527193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8796,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77921107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"2406","last_page":"2414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7982044219970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.6942828297615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6605385541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.572658360004425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"Ideology","score":0.5309566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","score":0.5079377293586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhetoric","display_name":"Rhetoric","score":0.48354220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.45766690373420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45493870973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4526628255844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.42621105909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35819870233535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3517017364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.21524646878242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11882522702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11103186011314392}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7982044219970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.6942828297615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6605385541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.572658360004425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.5309566855430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778152352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165061","display_name":"Content (measure theory)","level":2,"score":0.5079377293586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1370556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81009","display_name":"Rhetoric","level":2,"score":0.48354220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.45766690373420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45493870973587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4526628255844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.42621105909347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35819870233535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3517017364501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21524646878242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11882522702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11103186011314392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W1728842521","https://openalex.org/W1881279096","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2759117937","https://openalex.org/W2768057473","https://openalex.org/W2889010612","https://openalex.org/W2901050913","https://openalex.org/W2963481894","https://openalex.org/W2969662548","https://openalex.org/W2998030657","https://openalex.org/W3005166668","https://openalex.org/W3007804297","https://openalex.org/W3009501262","https://openalex.org/W3016628744","https://openalex.org/W3047790428","https://openalex.org/W3091479197","https://openalex.org/W3136032498","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W6637572315","https://openalex.org/W6639347241","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6682691769","https://openalex.org/W6744741550","https://openalex.org/W6772126055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380499233","https://openalex.org/W4324005800","https://openalex.org/W2014064389","https://openalex.org/W1508458151","https://openalex.org/W2356039788","https://openalex.org/W2385936852","https://openalex.org/W2377896144","https://openalex.org/W2498840096","https://openalex.org/W1572625929","https://openalex.org/W2355349729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"most":[1],"conversations":[2],"on":[3,35,156,199,222],"social":[4,56,92,123],"media":[5,57,93],"are":[6,96,127,131,153],"inspiring":[7],"and":[8,25,42,124,146,184,206,214,218],"uplifting,":[9],"a":[10,107,135,157],"fraction":[11],"of":[12,55,87,104,137,159,203],"the":[13,45,53,64,85,102,112,179,190,200,204],"users":[14,196],"do":[15],"engage":[16],"in":[17,44,119],"sharing":[18],"content":[19,51],"that":[20,66,95,140,167,195],"supports":[21],"extremist,":[22],"radical":[23,99],"philosophies":[24],"organizations.":[26],"Such":[27],"rhetoric,":[28],"if":[29],"left":[30],"unchecked,":[31],"can":[32,164],"propagate":[33],"virally":[34],"these":[36,138,160],"platforms,":[37],"ultimately":[38],"escalating":[39],"to":[40,62,74,90,98,133,216],"turbulence":[41],"violence":[43],"physical,":[46],"offline":[47],"spaces.":[48],"Identifying":[49],"such":[50,210],"from":[52],"volumes":[54],"feeds":[58,94],"is":[59,72],"therefore":[60],"necessary":[61],"prevent":[63],"damage":[65],"it":[67,71],"may":[68],"cause,":[69],"yet":[70],"infeasible":[73],"undertake":[75],"manually,":[76],"calling":[77],"for":[78],"an":[79],"automated":[80],"approach.":[81],"This":[82],"paper":[83],"demonstrates":[84],"potential":[86],"machine":[88,150],"learning":[89,151],"separate":[91],"sympathetic":[97],"extremism":[100],"using":[101,189],"example":[103],"Proud":[105,116,169],"Boys,":[106],"contemporary":[108],"right-wing":[109],"group.":[110],"From":[111],"tweets":[113,166],"collected":[114],"after":[115],"Boys":[117,170],"protests":[118],"August":[120],"2020;":[121],"linguistic,":[122],"auxiliary":[125],"features":[126,139,209],"extracted.":[128],"Significance":[129],"tests":[130],"used":[132],"select":[134],"subset":[136],"contribute":[141],"towards":[142],"separating":[143],"between":[144],"extremist":[145],"normal":[147],"content.":[148],"Several":[149],"models":[152,163],"trained":[154],"based":[155],"combination":[158],"features.":[161],"These":[162],"identify":[165],"support":[168],"with":[171],"excellent":[172],"performance":[173],"metrics.":[174],"Artificial":[175],"Neural":[176],"Networks":[177],"offer":[178],"best":[180],"accuracy,":[181],"precision,":[182],"recall":[183],"F1-score.":[185],"Feature":[186],"importance,":[187],"assessed":[188],"Random":[191],"Forest":[192],"model":[193],"indicates":[194],"rely":[197],"both":[198],"expressive":[201],"power":[202],"language":[205],"other":[207],"metadata":[208],"as":[211],"punctuations,":[212],"mentions":[213],"URLs":[215],"voice":[217],"spread":[219],"hateful":[220],"ideology":[221],"online":[223],"platforms.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}