{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206281918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685","title":"Learning Code Representations Using Multifractal-based Graph Networks","display_name":"Learning Code Representations Using Multifractal-based Graph Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206281918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067421575","display_name":"Guixiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6144-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guixiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770186","display_name":"Yao Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-9252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047526567","display_name":"Mihai Capot\u0103","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-2393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai Capota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038113815","display_name":"Theodore L. Willke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9825-513X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore L. Willke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Hillsboro, OR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065681916","display_name":"Shahin Nazarian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Nazarian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105925385","display_name":"Paul Bogdan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2118-0816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Bogdan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059294839","display_name":"Nesreen K. Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7913-4962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nesreen K. Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067421575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7331699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1858","last_page":"1866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8426926732063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.6485398411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5826935172080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5411145091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.532889723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.45947402715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.45831674337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4199996292591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.4166876971721649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3761877417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3381902575492859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8426926732063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6485398411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5826935172080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5411145091056824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.532889723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.45947402715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.45831674337387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4199996292591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.4166876971721649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3761877417564392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3381902575492859}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501856433","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1662382123","https://openalex.org/W2007912280","https://openalex.org/W2043807498","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2140609933","https://openalex.org/W2148190602","https://openalex.org/W2153513200","https://openalex.org/W2160058983","https://openalex.org/W2282866165","https://openalex.org/W2618564128","https://openalex.org/W2740492228","https://openalex.org/W2786676889","https://openalex.org/W2808987817","https://openalex.org/W2809662498","https://openalex.org/W2886799880","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2942259124","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2963241951","https://openalex.org/W2963355447","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2987119394","https://openalex.org/W3006491415","https://openalex.org/W3136405090","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W3168189449","https://openalex.org/W4289549256","https://openalex.org/W4295728955","https://openalex.org/W4297670746","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W4322614756","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637178625","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6730084236","https://openalex.org/W6748307721","https://openalex.org/W6749077313","https://openalex.org/W6754818960","https://openalex.org/W6762003241","https://openalex.org/W6779733120","https://openalex.org/W6796783112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W4321471459","https://openalex.org/W4221156924","https://openalex.org/W2380814829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"representations":[1,30,67],"of":[2,13,31,79,139],"software":[3,19,22,32,87],"codes":[4],"is":[5,77],"a":[6,10,54,118],"critical":[7],"problem":[8],"for":[9,64,142],"wide":[11],"range":[12],"system":[14,97],"applications,":[15],"e.g.,":[16],"compiler":[17,109],"optimization,":[18],"classification,":[20],"malicious":[21],"detection,":[23],"and":[24,92,107],"performance":[25],"optimization.":[26],"Recently,":[27],"learning":[28,146],"graph-based":[29],"programs":[33],"has":[34],"been":[35],"used":[36],"to":[37,128],"model":[38],"the":[39,74,137],"inherent":[40],"structural":[41,82,119],"dependencies":[42,83,131],"in":[43,86],"programming":[44],"languages":[45],"(e.g.,":[46],"C++,":[47],"Python).":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"paper,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"novel":[55],"graph":[56],"neural":[57],"network":[58],"framework":[59,76],"that":[60,73,84,116,144],"utilizes":[61],"multifractal":[62,123],"analysis":[63,111],"LLVM":[65],"intermediate":[66],"(IR).":[68],"We":[69,89,114],"then":[70],"show":[71],"empirically":[72],"proposed":[75],"capable":[78],"capturing":[80],"long-range":[81,130],"appear":[85],"codes.":[88],"conduct":[90],"experiments":[91],"comparisons":[93],"on":[94],"two":[95],"downstream":[96],"applications:":[98],"(1)":[99],"predicting":[100],"heterogeneous":[101],"compute":[102],"device":[103],"mappings":[104],"(graph":[105],"classification),":[106],"(2)":[108],"reachability":[110],"(node":[112],"classification).":[113],"observe":[115],"introducing":[117],"inductive":[120],"bias":[121],"through":[122],"topological":[124],"features":[125],"enables":[126],"GNNs":[127],"capture":[129],"among":[132],"nodes,":[133],"thus,":[134],"it":[135],"improves":[136],"accuracy":[138],"GNN":[140],"models":[141],"applications":[143],"require":[145],"code":[147],"representations.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}