{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216753066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","title":"Application of deep learning to camera trap data for ecologists in planning / engineering \u2013 Can captivity imagery train a model which generalises to the wild?","display_name":"Application of deep learning to camera trap data for ecologists in planning / engineering \u2013 Can captivity imagery train a model which generalises to the wild?","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216753066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","mag":"3216753066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12805","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036382251","display_name":"Ryan Curry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8013-2374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148542","display_name":"Arup Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/057d3rj91","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Curry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consulting North Ove Arup and Partners, Newcastle, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consulting North Ove Arup and Partners, Newcastle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045513103","display_name":"Cameron Trotter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6738-0968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Trotter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK","Newcastle University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078307880","display_name":"A. Stephen McGough","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Stephen McGough","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK","Newcastle University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036382251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23846154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4011","last_page":"4020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captivity","display_name":"Captivity","score":0.8109577894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6467337012290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6271971464157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-trap","display_name":"Camera trap","score":0.5133746862411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4942922592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47061067819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4653182029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4402746558189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.25589513778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18363764882087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1198987364768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat","display_name":"Habitat","score":0.11870953440666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeology","display_name":"Archaeology","score":0.09849414229393005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776787076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920296","display_name":"Captivity","level":2,"score":0.8109577894210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6467337012290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6271971464157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1723004","display_name":"Camera trap","level":3,"score":0.5133746862411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4942922592163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47061067819595337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4653182029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4402746558189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.25589513778686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18363764882087708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1198987364768982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.11870953440666199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09849414229393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671661","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607718","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.12805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12805","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3216753066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.12805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2111.12805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.12805","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12805","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12805","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216753066.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216753066.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018704322","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2148727215","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2274830360","https://openalex.org/W2413367505","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2782689936","https://openalex.org/W2797977484","https://openalex.org/W2808559829","https://openalex.org/W2883386984","https://openalex.org/W2895635301","https://openalex.org/W2901771398","https://openalex.org/W2913699003","https://openalex.org/W2936525159","https://openalex.org/W2944779197","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2952113774","https://openalex.org/W2954932437","https://openalex.org/W2962626127","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2989604896","https://openalex.org/W3011301218","https://openalex.org/W3032012374","https://openalex.org/W3087570018","https://openalex.org/W3093414036","https://openalex.org/W3134839696","https://openalex.org/W3145199835","https://openalex.org/W3187655623","https://openalex.org/W4248635988","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6766170593","https://openalex.org/W6775911674","https://openalex.org/W6778274454","https://openalex.org/W6793161087"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,7,17,34,67,84,89,110,115,120,137,144,192,265,280,284,290],"abundance":[2],"of":[3,36,64,99,102,146,163,194,232,238,248,286,292],"a":[4,125,220,241,251,272],"species":[5],"is":[6,73,86,141,258,264],"first":[8,266,281],"step":[9],"towards":[10],"understanding":[11],"both":[12],"its":[13],"long-term":[14],"sustainability":[15],"and":[16,54,168,180,234,279],"impact":[18],"that":[19,44,197],"we":[20],"may":[21],"be":[22,49,204],"having":[23,76],"upon":[24,75],"it.":[25],"Ecologists":[26],"use":[27],"camera":[28,58,208],"traps":[29],"to":[30,51,69,113,133,184,206,270,282],"remotely":[31],"survey":[32],"for":[33],"presence":[35],"specific":[37],"animal":[38,85],"species.":[39],"Previous":[40],"studies":[41],"have":[42],"shown":[43],"deep":[45],"learning":[46],"models":[47,72,171,198,288],"can":[48],"trained":[50,127,199],"automatically":[52],"detect":[53],"classify":[55],"animals":[56,104],"within":[57],"trap":[59,209],"imagery":[60,202,210],"with":[61,123,260],"high":[62],"levels":[63],"confidence.":[65],"However,":[66,214],"ability":[68],"train":[70],"these":[71],"reliant":[74],"enough":[77],"high-quality":[78],"training":[79,116,273],"data.":[80],"What":[81],"happens":[82],"when":[83,131],"rare":[87,103],"or":[88],"data":[90,130,134,278],"sets":[91],"are":[92,173],"non-existent?":[93],"This":[94,253,263],"research":[95,140,189,267],"proposes":[96],"an":[97,160,228],"approach":[98],"using":[100,176,211,255],"images":[101,249,257],"in":[105,136,148,191,244,289,294],"captivity":[106,129,201,256,277],"(we":[107],"focus":[108],"on":[109,128,200,219,240,276],"Scottish":[111,195],"wildcat)":[112],"generate":[114,271],"dataset.":[117],"We":[118],"explore":[119,283],"challenges":[121],"associated":[122],"generalising":[124],"model":[126,186,216,222],"applied":[132],"collected":[135],"wild.":[138],"The":[139,188],"contextualised":[142],"by":[143],"needs":[145],"ecologists":[147,293],"planning":[149,295],"/":[150,296],"engineering.":[151,297],"Following":[152],"precedents":[153],"from":[154],"other":[155],"research,":[156],"this":[157],"project":[158],"establishes":[159],"ensemble":[161],"system":[162],"object":[164],"detection,":[165],"image":[166,169,178],"segmentation":[167],"classification":[170],"which":[172,245,268],"then":[174],"tested":[175],"different":[177],"manipulation":[179],"class":[181],"structuring":[182],"techniques":[183],"encourage":[185],"generalisation.":[187],"concludes,":[190],"context":[193,291],"wildcat,":[196],"cannot":[203],"generalised":[205],"wild":[207],"existing":[212],"techniques.":[213],"final":[215],"performances":[217],"based":[218,275],"two-class":[221],"(Wildcat":[223],"vs":[224],"Not":[225],"Wildcat)":[226],"achieved":[227],"overall":[229],"accuracy":[230,236],"score":[231,237],"81.6%":[233],"Wildcat":[235],"54.8%":[239],"test":[242],"set":[243,274],"only":[246],"1%":[247],"contained":[250],"wildcat.":[252],"suggests":[254],"feasible":[259],"further":[261],"research.":[262],"attempts":[269],"development":[285],"such":[287]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
