{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008060249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","title":"Privacy and Security of Big Data in AI Systems: A Research and Standards Perspective","display_name":"Privacy and Security of Big Data in AI Systems: A Research and Standards Perspective","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008060249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","mag":"3008060249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028651304","display_name":"Saharnaz Dilmaghani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saharnaz Dilmaghani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072267754","display_name":"Matthias R. Brust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8155-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias R. Brust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107678280","display_name":"Gr\u00e9goire Danoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregoire Danoy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017390836","display_name":"Natalia Cassagnes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801560652","display_name":"Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02578qw11","country_code":"LU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Cassagnes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agence pour la Normalisation et l\u2019\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","Agence pour la Normalisation et l'\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence pour la Normalisation et l\u2019\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence pour la Normalisation et l'\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050678956","display_name":"Johnatan E. Pecero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2695-9960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801560652","display_name":"Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02578qw11","country_code":"LU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johnatan Pecero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Agence pour la Normalisation et l\u2019\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","Agence pour la Normalisation et l'\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence pour la Normalisation et l\u2019\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Agence pour la Normalisation et l'\u00c9conomie de la Connaissance (ANEC G.I.E.), Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801560652"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058311932","display_name":"Pascal Bouvry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-2834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Bouvry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028651304"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93159789,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5737","last_page":"5743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.7983036637306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7095052599906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6164209246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5496155619621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.5332583785057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.52889484167099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5233663320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4739549160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4212314188480377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41846945881843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1477767825126648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.7983036637306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7095052599906921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6164209246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5496155619621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.5332583785057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.52889484167099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5233663320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4739549160003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4212314188480377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41846945881843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1477767825126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata47090.2019.9006283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56293434","https://openalex.org/W179368776","https://openalex.org/W240084622","https://openalex.org/W1473189865","https://openalex.org/W1501129975","https://openalex.org/W1552056088","https://openalex.org/W1564475098","https://openalex.org/W1564743226","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1973400823","https://openalex.org/W1978672803","https://openalex.org/W1979769549","https://openalex.org/W2007562169","https://openalex.org/W2030419219","https://openalex.org/W2051267297","https://openalex.org/W2105037940","https://openalex.org/W2108196374","https://openalex.org/W2115240023","https://openalex.org/W2131621068","https://openalex.org/W2144906988","https://openalex.org/W2162552722","https://openalex.org/W2167529272","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2308861246","https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2585847163","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W2609237802","https://openalex.org/W2614743636","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2770368459","https://openalex.org/W2773446523","https://openalex.org/W2774423163","https://openalex.org/W2782143803","https://openalex.org/W2785361959","https://openalex.org/W2785509559","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2789304371","https://openalex.org/W2791319131","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2799040448","https://openalex.org/W2885673189","https://openalex.org/W2887995258","https://openalex.org/W2891828758","https://openalex.org/W2894096852","https://openalex.org/W2895471314","https://openalex.org/W2903215643","https://openalex.org/W2904814116","https://openalex.org/W2906471272","https://openalex.org/W2923286360","https://openalex.org/W2924551358","https://openalex.org/W2942091739","https://openalex.org/W2955196807","https://openalex.org/W2957285709","https://openalex.org/W2962059918","https://openalex.org/W2963165251","https://openalex.org/W2963844355","https://openalex.org/W2963888996","https://openalex.org/W2964151798","https://openalex.org/W2964253222","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2964318098","https://openalex.org/W2969695741","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W2994854007","https://openalex.org/W3104848468","https://openalex.org/W3111818035","https://openalex.org/W4247200422","https://openalex.org/W4289438483","https://openalex.org/W4289493983","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297749347","https://openalex.org/W4300188771","https://openalex.org/W6607310331","https://openalex.org/W6684011098","https://openalex.org/W6738185852","https://openalex.org/W6739088070","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6746897123","https://openalex.org/W6747732332","https://openalex.org/W6747795992","https://openalex.org/W6748233343","https://openalex.org/W6748382702","https://openalex.org/W6749023905","https://openalex.org/W6754691863","https://openalex.org/W6755565494","https://openalex.org/W6755765851","https://openalex.org/W6756526461","https://openalex.org/W6757519960","https://openalex.org/W6757572683"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080","https://openalex.org/W2355065378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"huge":[1],"volume,":[2],"variety,":[3],"and":[4,15,45,57,80,105,133,138,154,179,186,197,204],"velocity":[5],"of":[6,24,62,74,97,140,148,158,183,206,218],"big":[7,63,75,110,184],"data":[8,25,64,76,111,185],"have":[9,70],"empowered":[10],"Machine":[11],"Learning":[12],"(ML)":[13],"techniques":[14],"Artificial":[16],"Intelligence":[17],"(AI)":[18],"systems.":[19,67,188],"However,":[20],"the":[21,49,60,66,72,81,85,98,118,128,135,146,152,155,177,181,195,202],"vast":[22,156],"portion":[23],"used":[26],"to":[27,83,126,145,175,193,200],"train":[28],"AI":[29,54,149,187,207],"systems":[30,150,208],"is":[31,192],"sensitive":[32],"information.":[33],"Hence,":[34],"any":[35],"vulnerability":[36],"has":[37],"a":[38,113,215],"potentially":[39],"disastrous":[40],"impact":[41,147],"on":[42,77],"privacy":[43,103,178],"aspects":[44,104],"security":[46,106,182],"issues.":[47],"Nevertheless,":[48],"increased":[50],"demands":[51],"for":[52],"high-quality":[53],"from":[55],"governments":[56],"companies":[58],"require":[59],"utilization":[61],"in":[65,151,172],"Several":[68],"studies":[69],"highlighted":[71],"threats":[73,100],"different":[78],"platforms":[79],"countermeasures":[82,139],"reduce":[84],"risks":[86],"caused":[87],"by":[88,109],"attacks.":[89,129,142],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper,":[92],"we":[93,131,161],"provide":[94],"an":[95,123],"overview":[96],"existing":[99],"which":[101],"violate":[102],"issues":[107],"inflicted":[108],"as":[112],"primary":[114],"driving":[115],"force":[116],"within":[117],"AI/ML":[119],"workflow.":[120],"We":[121],"define":[122],"adversarial":[124],"model":[125],"investigate":[127,163],"Additionally,":[130],"analyze":[132],"summarize":[134],"defense":[136],"strategies":[137],"these":[141],"Furthermore,":[143],"due":[144],"market":[153],"majority":[157],"business":[159],"sectors,":[160],"also":[162],"Standards":[164],"Developing":[165],"Organizations":[166],"(SDOs)":[167],"that":[168],"are":[169],"actively":[170],"involved":[171],"providing":[173],"guidelines":[174],"protect":[176],"ensure":[180],"Our":[189],"far-reaching":[190],"goal":[191],"bridge":[194],"research":[196],"standardization":[198],"frame":[199],"increase":[201],"consistency":[203],"efficiency":[205],"developments":[209],"guaranteeing":[210],"customer":[211],"satisfaction":[212],"while":[213],"transferring":[214],"high":[216],"degree":[217],"trustworthiness.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}