{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963112378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","title":"Preliminary Studies on a Large Face Database","display_name":"Preliminary Studies on a Large Face Database","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963112378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","mag":"2963112378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079862806","display_name":"Benjamin Yip","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133369","display_name":"Decision Sciences (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03gcvf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Yip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical Decision Sciences, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Decision Sciences, UNC Chapel Hill, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133369","https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034277026","display_name":"Garrett Bingham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-2582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garrett Bingham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Yale University, CT, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Yale University, CT, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018688733","display_name":"Katherine Kempfert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Kempfert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statistics and Mathematics, University of Florida, FL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statistics and Mathematics, University of Florida, FL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090856519","display_name":"Jonathan Fabish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131439","display_name":"Applied Mathematics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03seew607","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131439"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Fabish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics, N.C. A&T State University, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics, N.C. A&T State University, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872","https://openalex.org/I4210131439"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006929317","display_name":"Troy Kling","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Troy Kling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014052149","display_name":"Cuixian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0938-8841"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuixian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101584566","display_name":"Yishi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6670-9412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yishi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Statistics, UNC Wilmington, NC, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.212,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59591764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2572","last_page":"2579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8127274513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.799040675163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6387006044387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6171348094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independence","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","score":0.5809544324874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5397539734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5046292543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.50254225730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.49369511008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/race","display_name":"Race (biology)","score":0.4718128442764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.43828529119491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41697633266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4137049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3265211582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09967583417892456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8127274513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.799040675163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6387006044387817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6171348094940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.5809544324874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5397539734840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5046292543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.50254225730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.49369511008262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4718128442764282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.43828529119491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41697633266448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4137049913406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3265211582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09967583417892456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2018.8622432","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567822572","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1982528061","https://openalex.org/W1993766142","https://openalex.org/W2078136197","https://openalex.org/W2096061497","https://openalex.org/W2104320981","https://openalex.org/W2105026179","https://openalex.org/W2115394472","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2137226992","https://openalex.org/W2146656095","https://openalex.org/W2154823510","https://openalex.org/W2440214111","https://openalex.org/W2731793484","https://openalex.org/W2734436085","https://openalex.org/W3008021358","https://openalex.org/W3023058184","https://openalex.org/W3131845830","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4241763521","https://openalex.org/W4298082496","https://openalex.org/W6636501900","https://openalex.org/W6680532697","https://openalex.org/W6718478815","https://openalex.org/W6791143464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W972276598","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"perform":[1],"preliminary":[2],"studies":[3],"on":[4,48,113],"a":[5,13,56,88,106],"large":[6],"longitudinal":[7],"face":[8],"database":[9],"MORPH-II,":[10,76],"which":[11],"is":[12,65],"benchmark":[14],"dataset":[15,32],"in":[16,30],"the":[17,28,31,35,69,100],"field":[18],"of":[19,45,75],"computer":[20],"vision":[21],"and":[22,33,37,72,82],"pattern":[23],"recognition.":[24],"First,":[25],"we":[26,54,86],"summarize":[27],"inconsistencies":[29,47],"introduce":[34],"steps":[36],"strategy":[38],"taken":[39],"for":[40,61,92],"cleaning.":[41],"The":[42],"potential":[43],"implications":[44],"these":[46],"prior":[49],"research":[50],"are":[51,115],"introduced.":[52],"Next,":[53],"propose":[55],"new":[57],"automatic":[58],"subsetting":[59],"scheme":[60],"evaluation":[62],"protocol.":[63],"It":[64],"intended":[66],"to":[67,104],"overcome":[68],"unbalanced":[70],"racial":[71],"gender":[73],"distributions":[74],"while":[77],"ensuring":[78],"independence":[79],"between":[80],"training":[81],"testing":[83],"sets.":[84],"Finally,":[85],"contribute":[87],"novel":[89],"global":[90],"framework":[91],"age":[93,108],"estimation":[94],"that":[95],"utilizes":[96],"posterior":[97],"probabilities":[98],"from":[99],"race":[101],"classification":[102],"step":[103],"compute":[105],"race-composite":[107],"estimate.":[109],"Preliminary":[110],"experimental":[111],"results":[112],"MORPH-II":[114],"presented.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
