{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2205567596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","title":"Sentiment expression via emoticons on social media","display_name":"Sentiment expression via emoticons on social media","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2205567596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","mag":"2205567596"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758582","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5233-3128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Silicon Valley Laboratory, San Jose, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Silicon Valley Laboratory, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067573332","display_name":"Jorge A. Castanon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148712","display_name":"Silicon Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jk6hn97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge A. Castanon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, Silicon Valley Laboratory, San Jose, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, Silicon Valley Laboratory, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100758582"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148712"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.6286,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97648952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2404","last_page":"2408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.8620123863220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarity","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","score":0.8460927605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microblogging","display_name":"Microblogging","score":0.755133867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.7001749277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5562201738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.49778270721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4868583083152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4695238173007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meaning","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","score":0.4277169704437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36422574520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1167047917842865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.8620123863220215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.8460927605628967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143275388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92438","display_name":"Microblogging","level":3,"score":0.755133867263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.7001749277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5562201738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49778270721435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4868583083152771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4695238173007965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4277169704437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36422574520111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1167047917842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2015.7364034","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38398324","https://openalex.org/W40549020","https://openalex.org/W168564468","https://openalex.org/W187383899","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1824181300","https://openalex.org/W1980133211","https://openalex.org/W2077587655","https://openalex.org/W2097726431","https://openalex.org/W2112251034","https://openalex.org/W2115054880","https://openalex.org/W2122369144","https://openalex.org/W2144378002","https://openalex.org/W2145139979","https://openalex.org/W2165571577","https://openalex.org/W2171468534","https://openalex.org/W2250243742","https://openalex.org/W2267835966","https://openalex.org/W2460474657","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W3147292827","https://openalex.org/W4205184193","https://openalex.org/W4236301805","https://openalex.org/W6601572979","https://openalex.org/W6601618085","https://openalex.org/W6606906144","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6638620207","https://openalex.org/W6676867598","https://openalex.org/W6684191474","https://openalex.org/W6693772185","https://openalex.org/W6718766952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2275433313","https://openalex.org/W2053241453","https://openalex.org/W2017590198","https://openalex.org/W2978974359","https://openalex.org/W2036556872","https://openalex.org/W2728430307","https://openalex.org/W2153980712","https://openalex.org/W2107786128","https://openalex.org/W1540611520","https://openalex.org/W1984947604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emoticons":[0],"(e.g.,":[1],":)":[2],"and":[3,13,39,52,119,157,179,206,225,231],":(":[4],")":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"used":[9],"in":[10,78,100,127,209,238],"sentiment":[11,27,43,53,65,120,143,173,199,229,240,251],"analysis":[12,134,152,170,189],"other":[14],"NLP":[15],"tasks":[16],"as":[17,24,122,124],"features":[18],"to":[19,81,85,113,159],"machine":[20],"learning":[21],"algorithms":[22],"or":[23],"entries":[25],"of":[26,42,89,98,138,145,155,175,228,236,246],"lexicons.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,94,108],"argue":[33],"that":[34,62,193],"while":[35],"emoticons":[36,51,69,80,90,99,118,129,158,181,195,208,222,248],"are":[37,55,130,223],"strong":[38,224],"common":[40],"signals":[41,227],"expression":[44],"on":[45,91],"social":[46,92],"media":[47],"the":[48,87,96,115,125,146,162,166,172,185,191,210,216,247],"relationship":[49,116],"between":[50,117],"polarity":[54,66,121,144,174,230],"not":[56],"always":[57],"clear.":[58],"Thus,":[59],"any":[60,239],"algorithm":[61],"deals":[63],"with":[64,205,257],"should":[67,75,233,254],"take":[68,234],"into":[70],"account":[71],"but":[72],"extreme":[73,258],"caution":[74],"be":[76,255],"exercised":[77],"which":[79,128],"depend":[82],"on.":[83],"First,":[84],"demonstrate":[86],"prevalence":[88],"media,":[93],"analyzed":[95],"frequency":[97],"a":[101,136,220,243],"large":[102,244],"recent":[103],"Twitter":[104],"data":[105],"set.":[106],"Then":[107],"carried":[109],"out":[110],"four":[111],"analyses":[112],"examine":[114],"well":[123],"contexts":[126],"used.":[131],"The":[132,150,168,187,213],"first":[133],"surveyed":[135],"group":[137,245],"participants":[139],"for":[140],"their":[141],"perceived":[142],"most":[147],"frequent":[148],"emoticons.":[149,167],"second":[151],"examined":[153],"clustering":[154],"words":[156],"better":[160],"understand":[161],"meaning":[163],"conveyed":[164],"by":[165,201],"third":[169],"compared":[171],"microblog":[176],"posts":[177],"before":[178],"after":[180],"were":[182],"removed":[183],"from":[184,196],"text.":[186],"last":[188],"tested":[190],"hypothesis":[192],"removing":[194],"text":[197],"hurts":[198],"classification":[200],"training":[202],"two":[203],"models":[204],"without":[207],"text,":[211],"respectively.":[212],"results":[214],"confirms":[215],"arguments":[217],"that:":[218],"1)":[219],"few":[221],"reliable":[226],"one":[232],"advantage":[235],"them":[237],"analysis;":[241],"2)":[242],"conveys":[249],"complicated":[250],"hence":[252],"they":[253],"treated":[256],"caution.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
