{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088667649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","title":"Rainbow: A distributed and hierarchical RDF triple store with dynamic scalability","display_name":"Rainbow: A distributed and hierarchical RDF triple store with dynamic scalability","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088667649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","mag":"2088667649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052175650","display_name":"Rong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727084","display_name":"Wei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-6335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007538828","display_name":"Yihua Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-0936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihua Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China 210093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052175650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7316,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76613284,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"561","last_page":"566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8587933778762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.79392409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7485573291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.6219165921211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linked-data","display_name":"Linked data","score":0.5041159391403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.48991936445236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4244634807109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.36285877227783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32430145144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.19979563355445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.18375164270401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8587933778762817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.79392409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7485573291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.6219165921211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.5041159391403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.48991936445236206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4244634807109833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.36285877227783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32430145144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.19979563355445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.18375164270401}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2014.7004274","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107485337","https://openalex.org/W1812636409","https://openalex.org/W1976312879","https://openalex.org/W2003500287","https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2080318778","https://openalex.org/W2088965305","https://openalex.org/W2160459668","https://openalex.org/W2171539317","https://openalex.org/W2293919922","https://openalex.org/W2295033107","https://openalex.org/W4234126637","https://openalex.org/W6697368396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W199330785","https://openalex.org/W2615202182","https://openalex.org/W2904139343","https://openalex.org/W2767591199","https://openalex.org/W98016204","https://openalex.org/W2101525042","https://openalex.org/W4388184885","https://openalex.org/W4322622679","https://openalex.org/W2770351630","https://openalex.org/W2522667419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,60],"the":[1,5,38,89,100,116,139,145],"Big":[2],"Data":[3],"era,":[4],"ever-increasing":[6],"RDF":[7,24,32,70,74,131,156],"data":[8,25,75,132],"have":[9,34],"reached":[10],"a":[11,28,66,81,106,122],"scale":[12],"in":[13,37,78,133],"billions":[14],"of":[15,92],"triples":[16],"and":[17,20,68,108,120,162],"brought":[18],"obstacles":[19],"challenges":[21],"to":[22,56,97,126,143],"single-node":[23],"stores.":[26],"As":[27],"result,":[29],"many":[30],"distributed":[31,107,123,155],"stores":[33],"been":[35],"emerging":[36],"Semantic":[39],"Web":[40],"community":[41],"recently.":[42],"However,":[43],"currently":[44],"published":[45],"ones":[46],"are":[47],"either":[48],"not":[49],"enough":[50],"efficient":[51,69],"on":[52,88],"performance":[53],"or":[54],"failed":[55],"achieve":[57,144],"flexible":[58],"scalability.":[59,147],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"Rainbow,":[65],"scalable":[67,117],"triple":[71,157],"store.":[72],"The":[73,130],"indexing":[76,102],"scheme":[77],"Rainbow":[79,104,151],"is":[80,85,136],"hybrid":[82,101],"one":[83],"which":[84],"designed":[86],"based":[87],"statistical":[90],"analysis":[91],"user":[93],"query":[94,128],"space.":[95],"Further,":[96],"better":[98],"support":[99],"scheme,":[103],"adopts":[105],"hierarchical":[109],"storage":[110,119,125,135],"architecture":[111],"that":[112,150],"uses":[113],"HBase":[114],"as":[115],"persistent":[118],"combines":[121],"memory":[124,134],"speedup":[127],"performance.":[129],"partitioned":[137],"by":[138],"consistent":[140],"hashing":[141],"algorithm":[142],"dynamic":[146],"Experiments":[148],"show":[149],"outperforms":[152],"typical":[153],"existing":[154],"stores,":[158],"with":[159],"excellent":[160],"scalability":[161],"fault":[163],"tolerance.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
