{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126117697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955","title":"GEMIL: A GELU-Enhanced Multiple-Instance Learning Model for Predicting Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer","display_name":"GEMIL: A GELU-Enhanced Multiple-Instance Learning Model for Predicting Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126117697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123950216","display_name":"Haihua Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haihua Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061621381","display_name":"Liangrui Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-4217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangrui Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103454930","display_name":"Christopher Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7873-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153856","display_name":"Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/053v2gh09","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Thoracic Surgery,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Thoracic Surgery,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100912914","display_name":"Luo Jiadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153856","display_name":"Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/053v2gh09","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Pathology,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Pathology,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qingchun Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153856","display_name":"Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/053v2gh09","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Pathology,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Department of Pathology,Changsha,Hunan,China,410011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153856","https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124257281","display_name":"Shaoliang Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoliang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University,Changsha,China,410082","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80649693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1534","last_page":"1541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"Lung cancer","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarker","display_name":"Biomarker","score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-mutation","display_name":"Gene mutation","score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutation","display_name":"Mutation","score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"Precision medicine","score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.3643999993801117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5978999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.573199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.4253999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994225774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Gene mutation","level":4,"score":0.41909998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.38679999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124535831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915074","display_name":"Biomarker discovery","level":4,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5031432","display_name":"Cancer biomarkers","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777306565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15917291","display_name":"Tumour heterogeneity","level":3,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356955","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6345269680023193}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3562876997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361166662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","funder_display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7968958930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361166662","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G91410164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFC3503400,2022YFC3400400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318558","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323893","display_name":"Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/05vna4324"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110119381","https://openalex.org/W2531897166","https://openalex.org/W2557256009","https://openalex.org/W2753207486","https://openalex.org/W2760946358","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2996092187","https://openalex.org/W3034447539","https://openalex.org/W3037083567","https://openalex.org/W3082860329","https://openalex.org/W3095469854","https://openalex.org/W3135547872","https://openalex.org/W3176719058","https://openalex.org/W4205271301","https://openalex.org/W4206841660","https://openalex.org/W4211209735","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385768167","https://openalex.org/W4387191004","https://openalex.org/W4387744022","https://openalex.org/W4390841990","https://openalex.org/W4398201291","https://openalex.org/W4402997182","https://openalex.org/W4404879644","https://openalex.org/W4405094241","https://openalex.org/W4405498769","https://openalex.org/W4406140776","https://openalex.org/W4414867175","https://openalex.org/W4415797223"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lung":[0],"cancer":[1,7,20],"remains":[2],"a":[3,44,88,96,119,128,184],"leading":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,25],"mortality":[8],"globally.":[9],"Recently,":[10],"targeted":[11],"therapies":[12],"have":[13],"significantly":[14],"improved":[15],"clinical":[16,55,79],"outcomes":[17],"in":[18,78],"lung":[19],"patients,":[21],"making":[22],"accurate":[23],"identification":[24],"driver":[26],"gene":[27,163],"mutations":[28],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,49,190],"precision":[31,199],"treatment.":[32],"Artificial":[33],"intelligence":[34],"approaches":[35],"leveraging":[36],"routinely":[37],"acquired":[38],"whole-slide":[39],"histopathology":[40],"images":[41],"(WSIs)":[42],"offer":[43],"promising":[45],"and":[46,73,105,176,186],"cost-effective":[47],"means":[48],"molecular":[50],"biomarker":[51,192],"prediction,":[52,193],"potentially":[53],"enhancing":[54],"decision-making.":[56],"However,":[57],"mutation":[58,164],"prediction":[59,165],"from":[60],"WSIs":[61],"faces":[62],"substantial":[63],"technical":[64],"challenges,":[65],"including":[66],"high":[67],"data":[68],"dimensionality,":[69],"weakly":[70],"supervised":[71],"labels,":[72],"severe":[74],"class":[75],"imbalance":[76],"inherent":[77],"datasets.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"these":[83],"issues,":[84],"we":[85],"propose":[86],"GEMIL,":[87],"novel":[89],"multipleinstance":[90],"learning":[91],"(MIL)":[92],"model.":[93],"GEMIL":[94,134,155,182],"features":[95,114],"hierarchical":[97],"attention-based":[98],"encoder":[99],"that":[100,154],"employs":[101],"deep":[102],"non-linear":[103],"projections":[104],"structured":[106],"regularization":[107],"to":[108,197],"learn":[109],"discriminative":[110],"patch-level":[111],"representations.":[112],"These":[113],"are":[115],"then":[116],"aggregated":[117],"by":[118,174,179],"querydriven":[120],"decoder,":[121],"which":[122],"efficiently":[123],"consolidates":[124],"instance":[125],"information":[126],"into":[127],"robust":[129,185],"slide-level":[130],"prediction.":[131],"We":[132],"validated":[133],"through":[135],"extensive":[136],"experiments":[137],"on":[138,146],"the":[139,171,177],"large-scale":[140],"PathGene":[141],"dataset,":[142],"with":[143],"further":[144],"evaluation":[145],"an":[147],"independent":[148],"TCGA":[149],"cohort.":[150],"The":[151],"results":[152],"demonstrate":[153],"consistently":[156],"outperforms":[157],"state-of-the-art":[158],"MIL":[159],"methods":[160],"across":[161],"multiple":[162],"tasks":[166],"(TP53,":[167],"EGFR,":[168],"etc.),":[169],"improving":[170],"average":[172],"accuracy":[173],"2.8%":[175],"F1-score":[178],"3.1%.":[180],"Consequently,":[181],"provides":[183],"generalizable":[187],"computational":[188],"tool":[189],"WSI-based":[191],"holding":[194],"significant":[195],"potential":[196],"advance":[198],"oncology.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
