{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126059291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327","title":"Depth-Sequence Transformer (DST) for Segment-Specific ICA Calcification Mapping on Non-Contrast CT","display_name":"Depth-Sequence Transformer (DST) for Segment-Specific ICA Calcification Mapping on Non-Contrast CT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126059291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085497919","display_name":"Xiuhui Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-0570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjian Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Electrical &#x0026; Computer Engineering,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Electrical &#x0026; Computer Engineering,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092507293","display_name":"Ebru Yaman Ak\u00e7i\u00e7ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2413-0542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebru Yaman Akcicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327865","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-6038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington,Dept. of Electrical &#x0026; Computer Engineering,Seattle,WA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington,Dept. of Electrical &#x0026; Computer Engineering,Seattle,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114817261","display_name":"Kazem Hashemizadeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazem Hashemizadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004414077","display_name":"Scott McNally","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Mcnally","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102739362","display_name":"Chun Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1134-0442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124174618","display_name":"Xiaodong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah,Dept. of Radiology &#x0026; Imaging Sciences,Salt Lake City,UT,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085497919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74788067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3672","last_page":"3675"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.1898999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10816","display_name":"Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases","score":0.1898999959230423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.1307000070810318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.08060000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-carotid-artery","display_name":"Internal carotid artery","score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcification","display_name":"Calcification","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.3837999999523163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6039000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5317999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778333808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515848","display_name":"Internal carotid artery","level":2,"score":0.49619999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.49160000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933382","display_name":"Calcification","level":2,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.38609999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356327","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972708359","https://openalex.org/W2120316106","https://openalex.org/W2568042853","https://openalex.org/W2624371915","https://openalex.org/W2884581382","https://openalex.org/W2990226603","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3173719354","https://openalex.org/W3186680158","https://openalex.org/W3203330950","https://openalex.org/W4410211353","https://openalex.org/W4410733729"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"total":[1],"intracranial":[2],"carotid":[3],"artery":[4],"calcification":[5,27],"(ICAC)":[6],"volume":[7],"is":[8],"an":[9],"established":[10],"stroke":[11],"biomarker,":[12],"growing":[13],"evidence":[14],"shows":[15],"this":[16],"aggregate":[17],"metric":[18],"ignores":[19],"the":[20,59,77,88,94,170,189],"critical":[21],"influence":[22],"of":[23,107,149,156,191],"plaque":[24],"location,":[25],"since":[26],"in":[28,194],"different":[29],"segments":[30],"carries":[31],"distinct":[32],"prognostic":[33],"and":[34,67,130,197],"procedural":[35,198],"risks.":[36],"However,":[37],"a":[38,81,98,134,144,160,183],"finer-grained,":[39],"segment-specific":[40,176],"quantification":[41],"has":[42],"remained":[43],"technically":[44],"infeasible.":[45],"Conventional":[46],"3D":[47,78],"models":[48],"are":[49],"forced":[50],"to":[51,63,111],"process":[52],"downsampled":[53],"volumes":[54,104],"or":[55],"isolated":[56],"patches,":[57],"sacrificing":[58],"global":[60],"context":[61],"required":[62],"resolve":[64],"anatomical":[65,122],"ambiguity":[66],"render":[68],"reliable":[69],"landmark":[70],"localization.":[71],"To":[72],"overcome":[73],"this,":[74],"we":[75],"reformulate":[76],"challenge":[79],"as":[80,105],"Parallel":[82],"Probabilistic":[83],"Landmark":[84],"Localization":[85],"task":[86],"along":[87],"1D":[89],"axial":[90],"dimension.":[91],"We":[92],"propose":[93],"Depth-Sequence":[95],"Transformer":[96],"(DST),":[97],"framework":[99,126,181],"that":[100,119],"processes":[101],"full-resolution":[102],"CT":[103],"sequences":[106],"2D":[108],"slices,":[109,151],"learning":[110],"predict":[112],"<tex":[113,153,161],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[114,154,162],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$N=6$</tex>":[115],"independent":[116],"probability":[117],"distributions":[118],"pinpoint":[120],"key":[121],"landmarks.":[123],"Our":[124,167,200],"DST":[125],"demonstrates":[127],"exceptional":[128],"accuracy":[129],"robustness.":[131],"Evaluated":[132],"on":[133,188],"100-patient":[135],"clinical":[136],"cohort":[137],"with":[138,152],"rigorous":[139],"5-fold":[140],"cross-validation,":[141],"it":[142],"achieves":[143],"Mean":[145],"Absolute":[146],"Error":[147],"(MAE)":[148],"0.1":[150],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$96\\%$</tex>":[155],"predictions":[157],"falling":[158],"within":[159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\pm":[163],"1$</tex>":[164],"slice":[165],"tolerance.":[166],"work":[168],"delivers":[169],"first":[171],"practical":[172],"tool":[173],"for":[174,185],"automated":[175],"ICAC":[177],"analysis.":[178],"The":[179],"proposed":[180],"provides":[182],"foundation":[184],"further":[186],"studies":[187],"role":[190],"location-specific":[192],"biomarkers":[193],"diagnosis,":[195],"prognosis,":[196],"planning.":[199],"code":[201],"will":[202],"be":[203],"made":[204],"publicly":[205],"available.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-01T03:34:12.195049","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}