{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126028819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313","title":"Applied LLM for the Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Diagnosis Ontology","display_name":"Applied LLM for the Construction of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tongue Diagnosis Ontology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126028819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040903953","display_name":"W Y Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087676532","display_name":"Keyu Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2655-9243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104190678","display_name":"Peixin Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peixin Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103151708","display_name":"Yiwei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-3239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiwei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407683","display_name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-5103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig,Leipzig,Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology University of Leipzig,Leipzig,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124170265","display_name":"Yan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088658921","display_name":"Suyuan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8221-7574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128075","display_name":"Changchun University of Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/035cyhw15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suyuan Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Information, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine,Changchun,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5276","last_page":"5283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.9689000248908997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.007899999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snomed-ct","display_name":"SNOMED CT","score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-hierarchy","display_name":"Class hierarchy","score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3896999955177307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7095999717712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.5633999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206497026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753883","display_name":"SNOMED CT","level":3,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.420199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781289151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2903989","display_name":"Class hierarchy","level":3,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.398499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98893333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339878","display_name":"Ontology alignment","level":4,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115408247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882789","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","level":5,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69505689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q455338","display_name":"Unified Medical Language System","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780031656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859161","display_name":"Glossary","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356313","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7082831859588623,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137079713","https://openalex.org/W4249183207","https://openalex.org/W4413061059"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ontology":[0],"is":[1],"essential":[2],"for":[3],"representing":[4],"semantics":[5],"and":[6,32,38,68,83,93,103,113,139],"knowledge.":[7],"This":[8],"study":[9],"compares":[10],"three":[11],"Large":[12],"Language":[13],"Models":[14],"(LLM)-assisted":[15],"ontology":[16,56,130],"construction":[17,62],"methods-":[18],"no":[19],"prompting,":[20],"chain":[21,39,114],"-":[22,24,40,42,115,117],"of":[23,35,41,75,110,116],"thought":[25,43,118],"prompting":[26,44,119],"accompanied":[27,45,120],"by":[28,46,121],"a":[29,47,72,122],"guiding":[30,48,123],"table,":[31],"the":[33,108],"combination":[34,109],"ISO":[36,99,111],"standards":[37,100,112],"table.":[49],"And":[50],"applies":[51],"them":[52],"to":[53,90],"tongue":[54],"diagnosis":[55],"in":[57],"Traditional":[58],"Chinese":[59],"Medicine.":[60],"The":[61,128],"process":[63],"systematically":[64],"leverages":[65],"LLMs'":[66],"generative":[67],"analytical":[69],"capabilities,":[70],"following":[71],"structured":[73],"workflow":[74],"domain":[76],"definition,":[77],"terminology":[78],"collection,":[79],"class":[80],"hierarchy":[81],"construction,":[82],"manual":[84],"verification,":[85],"with":[86],"continuous":[87],"expert":[88],"involvement":[89],"refine":[91],"definitions":[92],"validate":[94],"outputs.":[95],"Evaluation":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98],"entity":[101],"alignment":[102],"semantic":[104,137],"similarity":[105],"shows":[106],"that":[107],"table":[124],"method":[125],"performs":[126],"best.":[127],"resulting":[129],"also":[131],"demonstrate":[132],"logical":[133],"consistency,":[134],"structural":[135],"soundness,":[136],"accuracy,":[138],"inferential":[140],"completeness.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}