{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126040407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132","title":"Transformer-Based Analysis for Detecting Pulmonary Nodules in CT Scans: Preliminary Results","display_name":"Transformer-Based Analysis for Detecting Pulmonary Nodules in CT Scans: Preliminary Results","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126040407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108876170","display_name":"Martina De Salazar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina De Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria,Rende,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria,Rende,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077883057","display_name":"Fatih Aksu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Aksu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Campus, Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Campus, Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007691618","display_name":"Raffaele Giancotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3906-9214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele Giancotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002834776","display_name":"Fabrizia Gelardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-333X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133214","display_name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/039zxt351","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizia Gelardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS, Ospedale San Raffaele,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077594815","display_name":"Patrizia Vizza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0014-478X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrizia Vizza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091778314","display_name":"PH Guzzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Hiram Guzzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019928218","display_name":"P. Soda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125353","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Campus Bio-Medico","ror":"https://ror.org/04gqx4x78","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Soda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Campus, Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Campus, Bio-Medico,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087181065","display_name":"Giuseppe Tradigo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-8676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Tradigo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Magna Graecia University,Catanzaro,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124281228","display_name":"Arturo Chiti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154387261","display_name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University","ror":"https://ror.org/01gmqr298","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154387261"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133214","display_name":"IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele","ror":"https://ror.org/039zxt351","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133214","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arturo Chiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hospital University,IRCCS San Raffaele,Milan,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hospital University,IRCCS San Raffaele,Milan,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154387261","https://openalex.org/I4210133214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121133111","display_name":"Pierangelo Veltri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierangelo Veltri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria,Rende,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria,Rende,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7078","last_page":"7082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.953499972820282,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"Lung cancer","score":0.6432999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4262000024318695}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.6432999968528748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6031000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.548799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.526199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5026000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.48170000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44909998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4489000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4097999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.40869998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777405583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6704277","display_name":"Lung cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77331912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81095","display_name":"DICOM","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985322473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer detection","level":3,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356132","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.41021156311035156,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134056534","https://openalex.org/W3172196475","https://openalex.org/W4210932037","https://openalex.org/W4309035112","https://openalex.org/W4318474321","https://openalex.org/W4328048227","https://openalex.org/W4382883431","https://openalex.org/W4383497922","https://openalex.org/W4389178920","https://openalex.org/W4391103443","https://openalex.org/W4391941467","https://openalex.org/W4403089078","https://openalex.org/W4405005407"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"(AI)":[3],"offers":[4],"opportunities":[5],"to":[6,11,26,57,85,131,142],"analyze":[7,27],"medical":[8],"images":[9],"and":[10,49,89,99,113,171,177,191],"support":[12,86,132,143],"early":[13,137],"cancer":[14,40,60,136,148],"detection.":[15,42],"For":[16],"instance,":[17],"neural":[18],"networks,":[19],"in":[20,47,134,144,159,180],"different":[21],"implementation,":[22],"can":[23,122],"be":[24,123],"used":[25,124],"data":[28,87],"image":[29],"parts":[30],"(i.e.,":[31],"voxels),":[32],"defining":[33],"a":[34,51,73,126,160],"trained":[35],"network":[36],"useful":[37],"for":[38,146,156,174],"lung":[39,135,147],"nodules":[41],"We":[43],"present":[44],"our":[45],"experience":[46],"designing":[48],"testing":[50],"transformerbased":[52],"deep":[53],"learning":[54],"architecture,":[55],"aiming":[56,130],"detect":[58],"pulmonary":[59],"nodule":[61],"candidates":[62],"using":[63,101],"3D":[64],"Computed":[65],"Tomography":[66],"(CT)":[67],"images.":[68],"The":[69,92],"module":[70,121],"also":[71],"includes":[72],"preprocessing":[74],"pipeline":[75],"based":[76],"on":[77,125],"dynamic":[78],"sampling":[79],"of":[80,194],"voxels":[81],"extracted":[82],"from":[83],"images,":[84],"filtering":[88],"results":[90,108,155],"explainability.":[91],"proposed":[93],"architecture":[94],"has":[95],"been":[96],"implemented,":[97],"trained,":[98],"tested":[100],"the":[102],"LUNA16":[103],"publicly":[104],"available":[105],"dataset.":[106],"Experimental":[107],"proved":[109],"both":[110],"high":[111],"effectiveness":[112],"competitive":[114],"performance":[115],"metrics":[116],"across":[117],"standard":[118],"evaluations.":[119],"Trained":[120],"large":[127],"CT":[128],"dataset":[129],"clinicians":[133],"detection":[138],"as":[139,141],"well":[140],"followup":[145],"patients":[149],"treatments.":[150],"This":[151],"work":[152],"represent,":[153],"indeed,":[154],"preliminary":[157],"applications":[158],"research":[161],"project":[162],"(Advancing":[163],"Lung":[164],"Cancer":[165],"Screening:":[166],"Artificial":[167],"Intelligence,":[168],"Multimodal":[169],"Imaging":[170],"Cutting-Edge":[172],"Technologies":[173],"Early":[175],"Detection":[176],"Characterization),":[178],"conducted":[179],"collaboration":[181],"with":[182],"San":[183],"Raffaele":[184],"Hospital":[185,193],"(Italy),":[186],"Campus":[187],"Biomedico":[188],"University":[189,192],"(Italy)":[190],"Salerno.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}