{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126077246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061","title":"ProtoD <sup>2</sup> C <sup>2</sup> : Prototype-Based Dual-Supervision, Dual-Consistency, and Dual-Contrastive Learning for OCT Fluid Segmentation","display_name":"ProtoD <sup>2</sup> C <sup>2</sup> : Prototype-Based Dual-Supervision, Dual-Consistency, and Dual-Contrastive Learning for OCT Fluid Segmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126077246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124287369","display_name":"Jingyu Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122122148","display_name":"M X Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meixia Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033067248","display_name":"Qingqing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-9661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428136","display_name":"Yanfang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-365X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoyong Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyong Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124217454","display_name":"Haixian Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University,Chengdu,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3848","last_page":"3851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.8130000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.052400000393390656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.01860000006854534,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.3889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7045999765396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6794000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.49810001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42809998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.36340001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm66473.2025.11356061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.5190092325210571,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4378771185874939,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1826403304","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFTD0051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1613696384","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2919070891","https://openalex.org/W2966415767","https://openalex.org/W2979907638","https://openalex.org/W3094901756","https://openalex.org/W3171581326","https://openalex.org/W3175294391","https://openalex.org/W3206405678","https://openalex.org/W4211088096","https://openalex.org/W4308448228","https://openalex.org/W4393984057"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mixed":[0],"supervision":[1,82],"strikes":[2],"a":[3,12,60],"balance":[4],"between":[5],"performance":[6,151],"and":[7,46,93,147],"annotation":[8],"efficiency":[9],"by":[10],"using":[11],"small":[13],"subset":[14],"of":[15,117],"fully":[16],"pixel-annotated":[17],"data":[18],"alongside":[19],"sparsely":[20],"annotated":[21],"data.":[22],"The":[23],"key":[24,74],"challenge":[25],"lies":[26],"in":[27],"effectively":[28],"utilizing":[29],"sparse":[30],"labels,":[31],"as":[32],"conventional":[33],"pseudo-labeling":[34],"relies":[35],"mainly":[36],"on":[37,139],"prediction":[38,91],"probabilities":[39],"or":[40],"lowlevel":[41],"similarities,":[42],"neglecting":[43],"intra-class":[44],"compactness":[45],"interclass":[47],"separability.":[48],"To":[49,114],"address":[50],"this":[51],"issue,":[52],"we":[53,120],"proposed":[54],"ProtoD<sup":[55],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[56,58],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>C<sup":[57],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>,":[59],"novel":[61],"prototype-based":[62],"framework":[63],"for":[64,128],"OCT":[65,129,142],"fluid":[66,112,130,143],"segmentation":[67,131,144,156],"under":[68,132],"mixed":[69,133],"supervision,":[70],"which":[71],"includes":[72],"three":[73],"components:":[75],"(1)":[76],"dual-supervision":[77],"scheme":[78],"that":[79,101],"combines":[80],"direct":[81],"with":[83],"prototype-generated":[84],"pseudo-labels;":[85],"(2)":[86],"dual-consistency":[87],"at":[88],"both":[89],"the":[90,115,122],"level":[92],"prototype":[94,126],"level;":[95],"(3)":[96],"hierarchical":[97],"dual-contrastive":[98],"learning":[99,127],"strategy":[100],"first":[102,123],"enforces":[103],"anatomical":[104],"structure":[105],"priors,":[106],"then":[107],"promotes":[108],"fine-grained":[109],"discrimination":[110],"among":[111],"subtypes.":[113],"best":[116],"our":[118,137],"knowledge,":[119],"are":[121],"to":[124,153],"introduce":[125],"supervision.":[134],"We":[135],"evaluated":[136],"method":[138],"two":[140],"public":[141],"datasets":[145],"RETOUCH":[146],"AROI,":[148],"demonstrating":[149],"superior":[150],"compared":[152],"state-of-theart":[154],"annotation-efficient":[155],"approaches.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}
