{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406262045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018","title":"A Quantitative Approach for Evaluating Disease Focus and Interpretability of Deep Learning Models for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Classification","display_name":"A Quantitative Approach for Evaluating Disease Focus and Interpretability of Deep Learning Models for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406262045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110850746","display_name":"Thomas Yu Chow Tam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Yu Chow Tam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Dept. of Health Information Management,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Dept. of Health Information Management,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008314736","display_name":"Litian Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Litian Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Computational Biology Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Computational Biology Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452022","display_name":"Ke Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,School of Information Sciences,Urbana,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,School of Information Sciences,Urbana,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892837","display_name":"Haohan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haohan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,School of Information Sciences,Champaign,IL,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,School of Information Sciences,Champaign,IL,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013496603","display_name":"Wei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1092-603X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University,Computational Biology Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University,Computational Biology Department,Pittsburgh,PA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5104","last_page":"5111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9154999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9504784345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6604564189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.62018883228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.606712818145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5854340195655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5062271952629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4895135164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1854872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.06803354620933533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9504784345626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6604564189910889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.62018883228302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.606712818145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5854340195655823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5062271952629089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4895135164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1854872703552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.06803354620933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm62325.2024.10822018","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038003677","https://openalex.org/W2052742260","https://openalex.org/W2142367912","https://openalex.org/W2752287204","https://openalex.org/W2773578579","https://openalex.org/W2937824874","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2963616706","https://openalex.org/W3022315685","https://openalex.org/W3033878890","https://openalex.org/W3202023533","https://openalex.org/W4281645268","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6747218270","https://openalex.org/W6748400442","https://openalex.org/W6754669440","https://openalex.org/W6761274798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W1986582023","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"models":[3,18,27,49,64,96,175,201,228,241],"have":[4,36],"shown":[5],"significant":[6],"potential":[7],"in":[8,28,40,57,80,176,252],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[9],"Disease":[10],"(AD)":[11],"classification.":[12],"However,":[13],"understanding":[14,58],"and":[15,43,67,100,153,202,205,245],"interpreting":[16],"these":[17,26,48,69,174,240],"remains":[19,54],"challenging,":[20],"which":[21,59],"hinders":[22],"the":[23,92,199,217,224,237],"adoption":[24,248],"of":[25,94,132,178,226,239],"clinical":[29,253],"practice.":[30,254],"Techniques":[31],"such":[32,78],"as":[33],"saliency":[34,98],"maps":[35,99],"been":[37],"proven":[38],"effective":[39],"providing":[41],"visual":[42],"empirical":[44],"clues":[45],"about":[46],"how":[47,112],"work,":[50],"but":[51],"there":[52],"still":[53],"a":[55,85,106,114,144,149,154],"gap":[56],"specific":[60],"brain":[61,70,101,119],"regions":[62,71,131,233],"DL":[63,95,115,141,227],"focus":[65,182,230],"on":[66,118,126,183,231],"whether":[68],"are":[72],"pathologically":[73],"associated":[74],"with":[75,156,162,192,198],"AD.To":[76],"bridge":[77],"gap,":[79],"this":[81,135],"study,":[82],"we":[83,104,137,172,219],"developed":[84,220],"quantitative":[86],"disease-focusing":[87,190],"strategy":[88],"to":[89,122,159,181,229],"first":[90],"enhance":[91],"interpretability":[93,238],"using":[97,168],"segmentations;":[102],"then":[103,171],"propose":[105],"disease-focus":[107],"(DF)":[108],"score":[109],"that":[110,216],"quantifies":[111],"much":[113],"model":[116],"focuses":[117],"areas":[120],"relevant":[121],"AD":[123,163,243,250],"pathology":[124],"based":[125],"clinically":[127],"known":[128],"MRI-based":[129],"pathological":[130],"AD.":[133],"Using":[134],"strategy,":[136],"compared":[138],"several":[139],"state-of-the-art":[140],"models,":[142,194],"including":[143],"baseline":[145],"3D":[146],"ResNet":[147],"model,":[148,152],"pretrained":[150,200],"MedicalNet":[151,155],"data":[157,203],"augmentation":[158],"classify":[160],"patients":[161,167],"vs.":[164],"cognitive":[165],"normal":[166],"MRI":[169],"data;":[170],"evaluated":[173],"terms":[177],"their":[179,210,247],"abilities":[180,225],"disease-relevant":[184,232],"regions.":[185],"Our":[186],"results":[187,214],"show":[188],"interesting":[189],"patterns":[191,197],"different":[193],"particularly":[195],"characteristic":[196],"augmentation,":[204],"also":[206],"provide":[207],"insight":[208],"into":[209],"classification":[211,244],"performance.":[212],"These":[213],"suggest":[215],"approach":[218],"for":[221,242,249],"quantitatively":[222],"assessing":[223],"may":[234],"help":[235],"improve":[236],"facilitate":[246],"diagnosis":[251],"The":[255],"code":[256],"is":[257],"publicly":[258],"available":[259],"at":[260],"https://github.com/Liang-lt/ADNI.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}