{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390971314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069","title":"Identification of Non-Lexical Content in Croatian Health Forum Entries","display_name":"Identification of Non-Lexical Content in Croatian Health Forum Entries","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390971314","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013834343","display_name":"Amila Kugic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4674-0146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163477","display_name":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics","ror":"https://ror.org/04e79zk25","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]}],"countries":["AT","CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amila Kugic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237","https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101773732","display_name":"Stefan Schulz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-3287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163477","display_name":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics","ror":"https://ror.org/04e79zk25","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]}],"countries":["AT","CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Schulz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237","https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024709170","display_name":"Markus Kreuzthaler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-9004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202276237","display_name":"Medical University of Graz","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0bts35","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163477","display_name":"Institute for Medical Informatics and Biostatistics","ror":"https://ror.org/04e79zk25","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]}],"countries":["AT","CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Kreuzthaler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Graz,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237","https://openalex.org/I4210163477"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013834343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202276237","https://openalex.org/I4210163477"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33831737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"4328","last_page":"4335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8037179708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7675608992576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminology","display_name":"Terminology","score":0.7021801471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6223665475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/croatian","display_name":"Croatian","score":0.5676948428153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5334897637367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-terminology","display_name":"Medical terminology","score":0.5224142074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5155889391899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5065516233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.4645179808139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity","display_name":"Named entity","score":0.46113717555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3401678800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.33839690685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.07983860373497009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8037179708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7675608992576599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.7021801471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6223665475845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83559648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6654","display_name":"Croatian","level":2,"score":0.5676948428153992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5334897637367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511227900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192539","display_name":"Medical terminology","level":2,"score":0.5224142074584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5155889391899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5065516233444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.4645179808139801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777889803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047676","display_name":"Named entity","level":2,"score":0.46113717555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3401678800582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33839690685272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.07983860373497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52446197","https://openalex.org/W2006642610","https://openalex.org/W2027979924","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2086613190","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2156235098","https://openalex.org/W2158901977","https://openalex.org/W2183283654","https://openalex.org/W2612690371","https://openalex.org/W2805211535","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2969783751","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W3153208071","https://openalex.org/W3164550024","https://openalex.org/W3184367666","https://openalex.org/W3198196226","https://openalex.org/W3199635878","https://openalex.org/W4214877181","https://openalex.org/W4238731782","https://openalex.org/W4281560212","https://openalex.org/W4287824654","https://openalex.org/W4386567027","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6778882669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032007337","https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W2412692772","https://openalex.org/W4387037363","https://openalex.org/W2155874911","https://openalex.org/W4388580024","https://openalex.org/W1884363728","https://openalex.org/W2916255597","https://openalex.org/W4386977977","https://openalex.org/W4401821554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medical":[0],"texts":[1],"often":[2],"contain":[3],"expressions":[4],"that":[5],"are":[6],"not":[7],"listed":[8],"in":[9,30,59,73,97],"biomedical":[10],"dictionaries":[11],"and":[12,44,53,104],"terminology":[13,105],"systems.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16,77],"investigation,":[17],"the":[18,31],"detection":[19],"of":[20,91],"such":[21],"entities":[22],"is":[23,35,65],"examined":[24],"with":[25,68,99],"online":[26],"health":[27],"forum":[28],"entries":[29],"Croatian":[32],"language.":[33],"Emphasis":[34],"put":[36],"on":[37,51,66],"short-form":[38],"content,":[39],"lexical":[40],"variations,":[41],"brand":[42],"names,":[43],"proper":[45],"names.":[46],"By":[47],"leveraging":[48],"Transformer":[49],"architectures":[50],"token":[52],"entity":[54,71],"level,":[55],"noteworthy":[56],"results":[57],"(>90%":[58],"F1-measure)":[60],"could":[61],"be":[62,90],"achieved,":[63],"which":[64,88],"par":[67],"state-of-the-art":[69],"named":[70],"recognition":[72],"high-resource":[74],"languages.":[75],"Additionally,":[76],"investigation":[78],"showcases":[79],"a":[80],"way":[81],"to":[82],"recognize":[83],"non-lexicalized":[84],"tokens":[85],"from":[86],"texts,":[87],"can":[89],"use":[92],"for":[93],"further":[94],"research":[95],"questions":[96],"combination":[98],"word":[100],"sense":[101],"disambiguation,":[102],"word-embeddings,":[103],"expansion":[106],"workflows.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}