{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390992138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014","title":"Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Through Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Biomedical Named Entity Recognition Through Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390992138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042620633","display_name":"Zhehuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-1352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhehuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081769090","display_name":"Yuying Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuying Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618022","display_name":"Menghan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0682-5866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Menghan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,College of Computer Science and Technology,Dalian,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,College of Computer Science and Technology,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022604762","display_name":"Bo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-0683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051597671","display_name":"Zhihao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6186-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023931221","display_name":"Hongfei Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0872-7688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongfei Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology China,College of Computer Science and Technology,Dalian,China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology China,College of Computer Science and Technology,Dalian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology China, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042620633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67850459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"779","last_page":"784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8648531436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8509303331375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.8320990800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.715836763381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6692052483558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependency","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","score":0.6246931552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5192844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5147311687469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3657800853252411}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8648531436920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8509303331375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.8320990800857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.715836763381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6692052483558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6246931552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5192844271659851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5147311687469482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3657800853252411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10386014","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169099542","https://openalex.org/W2346452181","https://openalex.org/W2414378847","https://openalex.org/W2610148085","https://openalex.org/W2734608416","https://openalex.org/W2769387903","https://openalex.org/W2779457220","https://openalex.org/W2800079696","https://openalex.org/W2890830728","https://openalex.org/W2904008843","https://openalex.org/W2963442256","https://openalex.org/W2970771982","https://openalex.org/W3104578551","https://openalex.org/W3166593409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204184292","https://openalex.org/W3176564347","https://openalex.org/W1985458517","https://openalex.org/W2355833770","https://openalex.org/W3031039437","https://openalex.org/W3095877357","https://openalex.org/W183202219","https://openalex.org/W10861731","https://openalex.org/W2955175590","https://openalex.org/W4385570099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biomedical":[0],"Named":[1],"Entity":[2],"Recognition":[3],"(BioNER)":[4],"is":[5,86,113],"a":[6,17,41,48,66,75,169],"crucial":[7],"task":[8],"in":[9,24,35,175],"extracting":[10],"entities":[11],"from":[12,93],"biomedical":[13,26,176],"literature.":[14],"It":[15],"plays":[16],"key":[18],"role":[19],"as":[20],"the":[21,55,80,90,97,103,108,110,119,123,157],"initial":[22],"step":[23],"various":[25],"information":[27],"extraction":[28],"tasks.":[29],"Pre-training":[30],"models":[31,39],"have":[32],"gained":[33],"popularity":[34],"BioNER.":[36,72],"However,":[37],"these":[38],"require":[40],"large":[42],"number":[43],"of":[44,152,172],"parameters,":[45],"which":[46,136],"poses":[47],"barrier":[49],"for":[50,71],"many":[51],"researchers":[52],"due":[53],"to":[54,88,96,116,142],"hardware":[56],"resource":[57],"requirements.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"this":[61],"challenge,":[62],"we":[63],"propose":[64],"REIN-NER,":[65],"novel":[67],"reinforcement":[68,111,173],"learning-based":[69],"approach":[70],"REIN-NER":[73,146],"employs":[74],"two-stage":[76],"training":[77,112],"mechanism:":[78],"Firstly,":[79],"basic":[81],"named":[82,177],"recognition":[83,179],"model":[84,105],"(BaseNER)":[85],"pre-trained":[87],"capture":[89],"mapping":[91],"knowledge":[92,121],"input":[94],"words":[95],"corresponding":[98],"labels.":[99,125],"Secondly,":[100],"after":[101],"initializing":[102],"agent":[104],"(AgentNER)":[106],"with":[107,132,150],"BaseNER,":[109],"carried":[114],"out":[115],"further":[117],"obtain":[118],"dependency":[120],"between":[122],"output":[124],"Both":[126],"BaseNER":[127],"and":[128,154,159,180],"AgentNER":[129],"are":[130],"built":[131],"lightweight":[133],"Bi-LSTM":[134],"networks,":[135],"significantly":[137],"reduce":[138],"parameter":[139],"sizes":[140],"compared":[141],"pre-training":[143],"models.":[144,165],"Remarkably,":[145],"achieves":[147],"superior":[148],"performance":[149],"F-scores":[151],"84.04%":[153],"93.34%":[155],"on":[156],"CDR-disease":[158],"CDR-chemical":[160],"corpora,":[161],"respectively,":[162],"outperforming":[163],"BERT-based":[164],"Our":[166],"work":[167],"presents":[168],"pioneering":[170],"exploration":[171],"learning":[174],"entity":[178],"demonstrates":[181],"its":[182],"effectiveness":[183],"through":[184],"state-of-the-art":[185],"results.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-25T21:42:39.735039","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}