{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390992171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615","title":"Utilizing Genetic Programming to Enhance Polygenic Risk Score Calculation","display_name":"Utilizing Genetic Programming to Enhance Polygenic Risk Score Calculation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390992171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075456465","display_name":"Martin Hurta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-8147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hurta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of Computer Systems,Brno,Czech Republic","Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of Computer Systems,Brno,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015765065","display_name":"Jana Schwarzerov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2918-9313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["AT","CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Schwarzerova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Brno,Czech Republic","Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Brno,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110526129","display_name":"Thomas Naegele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135169","display_name":"Institut de Biologia Evolutiva","ror":"https://ror.org/044mj7r89","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134820265","https://openalex.org/I170486558","https://openalex.org/I4210135169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Naegele","raw_affiliation_strings":["LMU Munich,Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of Biology,Munich,Germany","Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LMU Munich,Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of Biology,Munich,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097","https://openalex.org/I4210135169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060741375","display_name":"Wolfram Weckwerth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-6358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129774422","display_name":"University of Vienna","ror":"https://ror.org/03prydq77","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfram Weckwerth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vienna,Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME),Vienna,Austria","Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vienna,Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME),Vienna,Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS) Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129774422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Valentine Provazn\u00edk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentine Provazn\u00edk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Brno,Czech Republic","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication,Department of Biomedical Engineering,Brno,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055549968","display_name":"Luk\u00e1\u0161 Sekanina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lukas Sekanina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of Computer Systems,Brno,Czech Republic","Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brno University of Technology,Faculty of Information Technology,Department of Computer Systems,Brno,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3263,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67474891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"3782","last_page":"3787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-risk-score","display_name":"Polygenic risk score","score":0.6988190412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.6453772783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610034704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-power","display_name":"Predictive power","score":0.5683444738388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5196655988693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.469693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4488542079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedicine","display_name":"Biomedicine","score":0.4128006100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.31175029277801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.2050846517086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19418135285377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16835537552833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.1109679639339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleotide-polymorphism","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","score":0.0885336697101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype","display_name":"Genotype","score":0.07681113481521606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993137441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28135712","display_name":"Polygenic risk score","level":5,"score":0.6988190412521362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6453772783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610034704208374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350689","display_name":"Predictive power","level":2,"score":0.5683444738388062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5196655988693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.469693660736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4488542079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66782513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864601","display_name":"Biomedicine","level":2,"score":0.4128006100654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.31175029277801514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2050846517086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19418135285377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16835537552833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1109679639339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153209595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q501128","display_name":"Single-nucleotide polymorphism","level":4,"score":0.0885336697101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.07681113481521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385615","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150176825","https://openalex.org/W1541700566","https://openalex.org/W1997338841","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2034581485","https://openalex.org/W2046497507","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2163799355","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2181616869","https://openalex.org/W2284268690","https://openalex.org/W2492234307","https://openalex.org/W2981018396","https://openalex.org/W3034043436","https://openalex.org/W3181344512","https://openalex.org/W3195285310","https://openalex.org/W4210507442","https://openalex.org/W4210660885","https://openalex.org/W4213333889","https://openalex.org/W4250024550","https://openalex.org/W4293724002","https://openalex.org/W4377693579","https://openalex.org/W4386438945","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6685764666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017899917","https://openalex.org/W2080571363","https://openalex.org/W2481322495","https://openalex.org/W2898682754","https://openalex.org/W2889841093","https://openalex.org/W2151082141","https://openalex.org/W2365236913","https://openalex.org/W3194374240","https://openalex.org/W2993861175","https://openalex.org/W2096756458"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"polygenic":[1,30,52,84,93],"risk":[2,31,53,85,94],"score":[3,95],"has":[4],"proven":[5],"to":[6,17,50,71],"be":[7],"a":[8,92],"valuable":[9],"tool":[10],"for":[11,29],"assessing":[12],"an":[13,47],"individual's":[14],"genetic":[15,60,67,99],"predisposition":[16],"phenotype":[18],"(disease)":[19],"within":[20,114],"biomedicine":[21],"in":[22],"recent":[23],"years.":[24],"However,":[25],"traditional":[26,76],"regression-based":[27],"methods":[28],"scores":[32,54,86],"calculation":[33,55],"have":[34],"limitations":[35,74],"that":[36,91,111],"can":[37],"impede":[38],"their":[39],"accuracy":[40,82],"and":[41,79],"predictive":[42],"power.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"introduces":[46],"innovative":[48],"approach":[49],"enhance":[51],"through":[56,97],"the":[57,64,73,81],"application":[58],"of":[59,66,75,83],"programming.":[61],"By":[62],"harnessing":[63],"power":[65],"programming,":[68],"we":[69,89,112],"aim":[70],"overcome":[72],"regression":[77],"techniques":[78],"improve":[80],"predictions.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"showed":[90],"generated":[96],"Cartesian":[98],"programming":[100],"yielded":[101],"comparable":[102],"or":[103],"even":[104],"more":[105],"robust":[106],"statistical":[107],"distinctions":[108],"between":[109],"groups":[110],"evaluated":[113],"three":[115],"independent":[116],"case":[117],"studies.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}