{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390992052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446","title":"Genetic Algorithm-Based Prediction of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Computational Biology Perspective","display_name":"Genetic Algorithm-Based Prediction of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Computational Biology Perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390992052","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085018122","display_name":"Avisa Maleki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-8196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Avisa Maleki","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Catania,Italy","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076050008","display_name":"Alvaro Ras-Carmona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-6878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Ras-Carmona","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Complutense of Madrid,Faculty of Medicine,Departament of Immunology,Madrid,Spain","Departament of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Complutense of Madrid,Faculty of Medicine,Departament of Immunology,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039844215","display_name":"Elena Crispino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9289-4926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Crispino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Departament of Biomedicine,Catania,Italy","Departament of Biomedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Departament of Biomedicine,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Biomedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083311782","display_name":"Valentina Di Salvatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-3070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valentina Di Salvatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004880055","display_name":"Giulia Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6616-7856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051034667","display_name":"Pedro A. Reche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3966-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Antonio Reche","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Complutense of Madrid,Faculty of Medicine,Departament of Immunology,Madrid,Spain","Departament of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Complutense of Madrid,Faculty of Medicine,Departament of Immunology,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departament of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044340074","display_name":"Francesco Pappalardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-3320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Pappalardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Catania,Department of Drug and Health Sciences,Catania,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085018122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62624066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3721","last_page":"3724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6089401841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.5049918293952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","score":0.473941832780838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-model","display_name":"Computational model","score":0.45780041813850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.44680702686309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4453088045120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.440860390663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.4392072558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.4322679340839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.416026771068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.41454121470451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2928008437156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.27632901072502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27359315752983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.26134347915649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","score":0.20216599106788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.09188643097877502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6089401841163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5049918293952942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.473941832780838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.45780041813850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44680702686309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4453088045120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.440860390663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4392072558403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4322679340839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.416026771068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.41454121470451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2928008437156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27632901072502136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27359315752983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.26134347915649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.20216599106788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09188643097877502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm58861.2023.10385446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95014119","https://openalex.org/W1976680898","https://openalex.org/W2010490135","https://openalex.org/W2063822856","https://openalex.org/W3035965352","https://openalex.org/W3099878876","https://openalex.org/W4211196614","https://openalex.org/W4249468678","https://openalex.org/W4290999335","https://openalex.org/W4309308375","https://openalex.org/W4313525406","https://openalex.org/W4380361088","https://openalex.org/W4381598957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206669628","https://openalex.org/W4224279380","https://openalex.org/W4205317059","https://openalex.org/W3176864053","https://openalex.org/W4206651655","https://openalex.org/W4206548596","https://openalex.org/W4292098121","https://openalex.org/W4210433452","https://openalex.org/W3036314732","https://openalex.org/W3084808338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"emergence":[1,176],"of":[2,4,13,22,31,59,128,141,162,177,185,211,221,237],"Variants":[3],"Concern":[5],"in":[6,10,34,200],"infectious":[7,42],"diseases,":[8],"particularly":[9],"the":[11,19,28,36,55,72,91,120,129,133,138,158,175,183,192,208,212,222,234],"context":[12],"viruses":[14],"like":[15],"SARS-CoV-2,":[16],"has":[17],"highlighted":[18],"critical":[20,99],"importance":[21,236],"continuous":[23],"prediction":[24],"and":[25,104,160,174,241,247,254],"monitoring,":[26],"showcasing":[27],"pivotal":[29],"role":[30],"computational":[32,50],"biology":[33],"addressing":[35],"challenges":[37],"posed":[38],"by":[39,66,148],"these":[40,163],"emerging":[41],"diseases.":[43],"This":[44],"study":[45],"advocates":[46],"for":[47,82,101],"implementing":[48],"a":[49,79,196],"approach":[51],"able":[52],"to":[53,118,136,156,191,232,249],"predict":[54],"next":[56],"SARS-CoV-2":[57,134],"variant":[58,102,188,214],"concern":[60],"(VOC).":[61],"To":[62],"that":[63,182,207,220],"end,":[64],"inspired":[65],"natural":[67],"selection":[68],"principles,":[69],"we":[70,110,242],"used":[71,105],"Genetic":[73],"Algorithm":[74],"(GA)":[75],"as":[76,106],"it":[77,97],"offers":[78],"potent":[80],"framework":[81],"optimizing":[83],"complex":[84],"problems.":[85],"We":[86],"initiated":[87],"our":[88,186,204,238],"investigation":[89],"with":[90,219],"Wuhan":[92],"spike":[93,131],"protein":[94],"sequence":[95,117],"since":[96],"is":[98,215],"target":[100],"surveillance":[103],"reference":[107],"input.":[108],"Subsequently,":[109],"systematically":[111],"introduced":[112],"specific":[113],"mutations":[114],"into":[115,167,230],"this":[116],"make":[119],"initial":[121],"population.":[122],"Computational":[123],"modeling":[124],"generated":[125],"three-dimensional":[126],"structures":[127],"mutated":[130],"within":[132],"ACE2":[135],"evaluate":[137,157,233],"best":[139],"candidate":[140],"each":[142],"generation.":[143],"These":[144],"were":[145],"later":[146],"evaluated":[147],"predicting":[149],"their":[150,168,201],"Gibbs":[151],"free":[152],"energy":[153],"(\u0394G":[154],"values)":[155],"stability":[159],"interactions":[161],"mutants,":[164],"providing":[165],"insights":[166],"potential":[169,210,255],"effects":[170],"on":[171,217],"viral":[172],"behavior":[173],"VOC.":[178],"Our":[179],"analysis":[180,248],"demonstrates":[181],"\u0394G":[184],"predicted":[187,239],"closely":[189],"compares":[190],"delta":[193,223],"variant,":[194,240],"indicating":[195],"similar":[197],"thermodynamic":[198],"profile":[199],"interactions.":[202],"Moreover,":[203],"finding":[205],"indicates":[206],"transmission":[209],"new":[213],"nearly":[216],"par":[218],"variants.":[224],"Additional":[225],"factors":[226],"will":[227,243],"be":[228],"taken":[229],"account":[231],"overall":[235],"undertake":[244],"further":[245],"research":[246],"comprehend":[250],"its":[251],"real-world":[252],"consequences":[253],"advantages":[256],"or":[257],"drawbacks.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}