{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225913214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870","title":"A Precision Diagnostic Framework of Renal Cell Carcinoma on Whole-Slide Images using Deep Learning","display_name":"A Precision Diagnostic Framework of Renal Cell Carcinoma on Whole-Slide Images using Deep Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225913214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607735","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102841028","display_name":"Jialun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666490","display_name":"Ruonan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0030-6758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruonan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Library of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,China","Library of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Library of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030762002","display_name":"Tieliang Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tieliang Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034440398","display_name":"Xinrui Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrui Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Automation Science and Engineering,Xi’an,China","School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Automation Science and Engineering,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060638031","display_name":"Zeyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114833544","display_name":"Haichuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0288-2937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065529317","display_name":"Chunbao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-0142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121771","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbvhh96","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121771"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunbao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Department of Pathology,Xi’an,China","Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University,Department of Pathology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121771"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121771"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369793","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,School of Computer Science and Technology,Xi’an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Lab for Big Data Analytics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2104","last_page":"2111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10552","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.7583492994308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.7454379796981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"Digital pathology","score":0.686864972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtyping","display_name":"Subtyping","score":0.6367729902267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathological","display_name":"Pathological","score":0.5757790207862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma","score":0.5211165547370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5056722164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","score":0.4956167936325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4720388650894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.46477726101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4003463685512543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3751673400402069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.7583492994308472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7454379796981812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.686864972114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83852419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2713292","display_name":"Subtyping","level":2,"score":0.6367729902267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.5757790207862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164529","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.5211165547370911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5126275420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5056722164154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.4956167936325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4720388650894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.46477726101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4003463685512543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3751673400402069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607735","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321408","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330193","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3yke57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1991408439","https://openalex.org/W2132162500","https://openalex.org/W2164317031","https://openalex.org/W2168056522","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2329659234","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2521492299","https://openalex.org/W2760946358","https://openalex.org/W2889089723","https://openalex.org/W2945807221","https://openalex.org/W2947825023","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2967444033","https://openalex.org/W3040734937","https://openalex.org/W3093100870","https://openalex.org/W3127215888","https://openalex.org/W3203328008","https://openalex.org/W3204103340","https://openalex.org/W4225814339","https://openalex.org/W4226201306","https://openalex.org/W4226229083","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6796792189","https://openalex.org/W6802926554","https://openalex.org/W6803045540","https://openalex.org/W6804230032"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396009657","https://openalex.org/W2799110842","https://openalex.org/W3032826521","https://openalex.org/W2391332606","https://openalex.org/W1462775415","https://openalex.org/W1987896487","https://openalex.org/W4229853287","https://openalex.org/W1535483699","https://openalex.org/W2333832190","https://openalex.org/W2068445477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diagnostic":[0],"pathology,":[1],"which":[2],"is":[3,30,44,98],"the":[4,16,19,71],"basis":[5],"and":[6,21,32,36,61,112,133],"gold":[7],"standard":[8],"of":[9,18,90],"cancer":[10],"diagnosis,":[11,125],"provides":[12],"essential":[13],"information":[14],"on":[15,100],"prognosis":[17],"disease":[20],"vital":[22],"evidence":[23],"for":[24,82,106],"clinical":[25],"treatment.":[26],"However,":[27],"pathological":[28,84],"diagnosis":[29,37,85],"subjective,":[31],"differences":[33],"in":[34,47,64,74,124],"observation":[35],"between":[38],"pathologists":[39,135],"are":[40],"common.":[41],"This":[42],"phenomenon":[43],"more":[45],"evident":[46],"hospitals":[48],"with":[49,130,136],"insufficient":[50],"medical":[51],"resources.":[52],"Deep":[53],"learning":[54],"(DL)":[55],"can":[56,126],"be":[57],"used":[58],"to":[59,69],"identify":[60],"classify":[62],"structures":[63],"digital":[65],"pathology.":[66],"In":[67],"order":[68],"solve":[70],"above":[72],"difficulties,":[73],"this":[75],"work,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"a":[79,101],"DL":[80],"framework":[81,119],"generating":[83],"by":[86],"analyzing":[87],"histopathological":[88],"images":[89],"renal":[91],"cell":[92],"carcinoma.":[93],"A":[94],"deep":[95],"neural":[96],"network":[97],"trained":[99],"large":[102],"high-quality":[103],"annotated":[104],"dataset":[105],"accurate":[107],"tumor":[108,131],"area":[109],"detection,":[110],"subtyping,":[111],"grading.":[113],"The":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"our":[118],"has":[120],"achieved":[121],"pathologist-level":[122],"accuracy":[123],"generate":[127],"pathology":[128],"reports":[129],"indicators,":[132],"provide":[134],"interpretable":[137],"auxiliary":[138],"diagnoses":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}