{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205393366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621","title":"An Interpretable Multi-Level Enhanced Graph Attention Network for Disease Diagnosis with Gene Expression Data","display_name":"An Interpretable Multi-Level Enhanced Graph Attention Network for Disease Diagnosis with Gene Expression Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205393366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607735","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080589649","display_name":"Xiaohan Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9992-3387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Department of Electronic Engineering,Shatin,Hong Kong,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong,Department of Electronic Engineering,Shatin,Hong Kong,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089823903","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-1197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455146","display_name":"Hang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-6631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433042","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5579-7094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054792004","display_name":"Yu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-471X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103072772","display_name":"Mingxuan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6619-6507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxuan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068865316","display_name":"Junzhou Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-1227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhou Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695406","display_name":"Jianhua Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-9596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianhua Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab,Tencent,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99255121,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"556","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10887","display_name":"Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6609282493591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.6116812229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.5110825300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43599674105644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39862269163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3986130952835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36173897981643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.35851359367370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17008352279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.13326510787010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08786138892173767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6609282493591309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.6116812229156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5110825300216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43599674105644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39862269163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3986130952835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36173897981643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.35851359367370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17008352279663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.13326510787010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08786138892173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm52615.2021.9669621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607735","display_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W1596717185","https://openalex.org/W1757089901","https://openalex.org/W1966327575","https://openalex.org/W2096173332","https://openalex.org/W2136734008","https://openalex.org/W2140883620","https://openalex.org/W2149441684","https://openalex.org/W2567437666","https://openalex.org/W2611138580","https://openalex.org/W2730139022","https://openalex.org/W2791747748","https://openalex.org/W2805423673","https://openalex.org/W2945412588","https://openalex.org/W2964236544","https://openalex.org/W2964304355","https://openalex.org/W2968856704","https://openalex.org/W2977253392","https://openalex.org/W3028711203","https://openalex.org/W3083699157","https://openalex.org/W3101369110","https://openalex.org/W3170986249","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6745537798","https://openalex.org/W6745933383","https://openalex.org/W6783001986","https://openalex.org/W6785701551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2977677679","https://openalex.org/W1992327129","https://openalex.org/W2381986121","https://openalex.org/W2370918718","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2256933480","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W2370081953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clinical":[0],"omics,":[1],"especially":[2],"gene":[3,30,63],"expression":[4],"data,":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"widely":[8],"studied":[9],"and":[10,39,65,94,143],"successfully":[11],"applied":[12],"for":[13,108],"disease":[14,37,41,109],"diagnosis":[15],"using":[16,88],"machine":[17],"learning":[18],"techniques.":[19],"As":[20],"genes":[21],"often":[22],"work":[23],"interactively":[24],"rather":[25],"than":[26],"individually,":[27],"investigating":[28],"co-functional":[29],"modules":[31,64],"can":[32],"improve":[33],"our":[34,132],"understanding":[35],"of":[36,82],"mechanisms":[38],"facilitate":[40],"state":[42],"prediction.":[43],"To":[44],"this":[45,49],"end,":[46],"we":[47,76,114],"in":[48,70],"paper":[50],"propose":[51],"a":[52,99,116],"novel":[53,117],"Multi-Level":[54],"Enhanced":[55],"Graph":[56],"ATtention":[57],"(MLE-GAT)":[58],"network":[59,91],"to":[60,98,123],"explore":[61],"the":[62,71,79,125],"intergene":[66],"relational":[67],"information":[68],"contained":[69],"omics":[72,80],"data.":[73],"In":[74],"specific,":[75],"first":[77],"format":[78],"data":[81,140,145],"each":[83],"patient":[84,148],"into":[85],"co-expression":[86],"graphs":[87],"weighted":[89],"correlation":[90],"analysis":[92],"(WGCNA)":[93],"then":[95],"feed":[96],"them":[97],"well-designed":[100],"multi-level":[101],"graph":[102,119],"feature":[103],"fully":[104],"fusion":[105],"(MGFFF)":[106],"module":[107],"diagnosis.":[110],"For":[111],"model":[112],"interpretation,":[113],"develop":[115],"full-gradient":[118],"saliency":[120],"(FGS)":[121],"mechanism":[122],"identify":[124],"disease-relevant":[126],"genes.":[127],"Comprehensive":[128],"experiments":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"proposed":[133],"MLE-GAT":[134],"achieves":[135],"state-of-the-art":[136],"performance":[137],"on":[138],"transcriptomics":[139],"from":[141,146],"TCGA-LGG/TCGA-GBM":[142],"proteomics":[144],"COVID-19/non-COVID-19":[147],"sera.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}