{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005387090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","title":"Fusing Transformer Model with Temporal Features for ECG Heartbeat Classification","display_name":"Fusing Transformer Model with Temporal Features for ECG Heartbeat Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005387090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","mag":"3005387090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021963890","display_name":"Genshen Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genshen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103674358","display_name":"Shen Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2246-8427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049750015","display_name":"Yanchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-5980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371056","display_name":"Fan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xian,China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xian,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"898","last_page":"905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.8623642921447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7622404098510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.632507860660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5827171206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5692409873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5483483076095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4855479896068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.48111170530319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4175790250301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.413079172372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.35416799783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3262465000152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08105352520942688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.8623642921447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7622404098510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.632507860660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5827171206474304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5692409873008728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5483483076095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4855479896068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.48111170530319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4175790250301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.413079172372818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.35416799783706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3262465000152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08753806352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08105352520942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm47256.2019.8983326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.vu.edu.au:41344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41344/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400215","display_name":"Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","host_organization_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2063923412","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2181608983","https://openalex.org/W2188781454","https://openalex.org/W2251133041","https://openalex.org/W2277019862","https://openalex.org/W2507148354","https://openalex.org/W2527796983","https://openalex.org/W2561837302","https://openalex.org/W2613904329","https://openalex.org/W2748902594","https://openalex.org/W2778545923","https://openalex.org/W2795340004","https://openalex.org/W2799460054","https://openalex.org/W2802900481","https://openalex.org/W2805227459","https://openalex.org/W2884697329","https://openalex.org/W2902455138","https://openalex.org/W2930892625","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963532813","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2964265128","https://openalex.org/W2978910279","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4320406025","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6687387952","https://openalex.org/W6737778391","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745408861","https://openalex.org/W6756753118","https://openalex.org/W6761208109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2752972570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ECG":[0,51,93,139],"heartbeat":[1,13,57],"classification":[2,14,58],"plays":[3],"a":[4,55,63,67],"vital":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,138],"diagnosis":[8],"of":[9,36,50,74,88],"cardiac":[10],"arrhythmia.":[11],"Traditional":[12],"methods":[15,33,203],"rely":[16],"on":[17,61,146,179,191],"handcrafted":[18,124],"features":[19,126,129],"and":[20,39,71,115,156,176,183,188],"often":[21],"fail":[22],"to":[23,79,133],"learn":[24],"potentially":[25],"abstract":[26],"patterns,":[27],"while":[28],"current":[29],"deep":[30],"learning":[31],"based":[32,60],"usually":[34],"consist":[35],"complex":[37],"convolutional":[38],"recursive":[40],"structures.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"considering":[45,110],"the":[46,85,89,103,116,128,147,153,180,192],"time":[47],"sequence":[48],"property":[49],"signals,":[52],"we":[53,82,122,196],"propose":[54],"novel":[56],"method":[59],"Transformer,":[62],"sequence-to-sequence":[64],"model":[65,90,169,213],"with":[66,106,127,160],"relatively":[68],"simple":[69],"architecture":[70],"higher":[72],"degree":[73],"parallelism.":[75],"To":[76],"adapt":[77],"Transformer":[78,132],"our":[80,111,168,212],"problem,":[81],"use":[83],"only":[84],"encoder":[86],"part":[87],"for":[91],"that":[92,167,211],"signals":[94],"do":[95],"not":[96],"have":[97,142,197],"translation":[98],"signals.":[99,140],"We":[100,141],"also":[101],"replace":[102],"dropout":[104],"layers":[105],"batch":[107],"normalization":[108],"layers,":[109],"small-size":[112],"feature":[113],"space":[114],"natural":[117],"differences":[118],"among":[119],"patients.":[120],"Further,":[121],"fuse":[123],"temporal":[125],"learnt":[130],"by":[131],"better":[134,216],"capture":[135],"rhythmic":[136],"patterns":[137],"conducted":[143],"extensive":[144],"experiments":[145,200],"MIT-BIH":[148],"arrhythmia":[149],"database":[150],"using":[151,204],"both":[152],"original":[154,181],"dataset":[155,159,182],"an":[157],"augmented":[158,193],"more":[161],"balanced":[162],"data.":[163],"The":[164],"results":[165,209],"show":[166],"can":[170,214],"achieve":[171,215],"99.62%":[172],"accuracy,":[173,185],"95.09%":[174],"precision":[175,187],"94.12%":[177],"sensitivity":[178,190],"99.87%":[184],"99.74%":[186,189],"dataset.":[194],"Besides,":[195],"performed":[198],"multiple":[199],"against":[201],"state-of-the-art":[202],"their":[205],"assessment":[206],"strategies.":[207],"Experimental":[208],"indicate":[210],"performance":[217],"under":[218],"most":[219],"circumstances.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}