{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770499590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","title":"Tracking and evaluation of pupil dilation via facial point marker analysis","display_name":"Tracking and evaluation of pupil dilation via facial point marker analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770499590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","mag":"2770499590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001787838","display_name":"Anas Samara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2297-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anas Samara","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017163549","display_name":"Leo Galway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1881-1501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo Galway","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067279312","display_name":"Raymond Bond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-2232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Bond","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100460917","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2633-6015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001787838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2175,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56979617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2037","last_page":"2043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupillary-response","display_name":"Pupillary response","score":0.9042559862136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7735559940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.6427761316299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.6291237473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilation","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","score":0.6145988702774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5719115734100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.5491058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5238785147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.41811418533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiducial-marker","display_name":"Fiducial marker","score":0.41518640518188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1471509039402008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10449230670928955}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149288182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7260673","display_name":"Pupillary response","level":3,"score":0.9042559862136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735559940338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.6427761316299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.6291237473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780757906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276676","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","level":2,"score":0.6145988702774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5719115734100342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.5491058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5238785147666931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41811418533325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173974348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469893","display_name":"Fiducial marker","level":2,"score":0.41518640518188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1471509039402008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10449230670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8217974","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/590a6521-9d82-45f9-bcc1-2791973351d0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/590a6521-9d82-45f9-bcc1-2791973351d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Samara , A , Galway , L , Bond , R &amp; Wang , H 2017 , Tracking and Evaluation of Pupil Dilation via Facial Point Marker Analysis . in 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM): Proceedings . Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , United States . https://doi.org/10.1109/BIBM.2017.8217974","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31257946","https://openalex.org/W45666801","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1915921740","https://openalex.org/W1920235811","https://openalex.org/W1938008383","https://openalex.org/W1976105143","https://openalex.org/W2008997129","https://openalex.org/W2009759039","https://openalex.org/W2013729144","https://openalex.org/W2037019005","https://openalex.org/W2047792798","https://openalex.org/W2057740291","https://openalex.org/W2067499868","https://openalex.org/W2077819131","https://openalex.org/W2087999268","https://openalex.org/W2088760811","https://openalex.org/W2091805034","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2113705163","https://openalex.org/W2121684305","https://openalex.org/W2124627936","https://openalex.org/W2126698740","https://openalex.org/W2137243825","https://openalex.org/W2160759439","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2167801237","https://openalex.org/W2171939880","https://openalex.org/W2189234235","https://openalex.org/W2547637889","https://openalex.org/W2574742418","https://openalex.org/W2900120566","https://openalex.org/W6601858787","https://openalex.org/W6640189940","https://openalex.org/W6731888906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067347903","https://openalex.org/W4239278205","https://openalex.org/W4285294999","https://openalex.org/W2026136388","https://openalex.org/W2172201717","https://openalex.org/W3175462501","https://openalex.org/W2052949057","https://openalex.org/W2331254805","https://openalex.org/W194264891","https://openalex.org/W2797105791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pupillary":[0],"behaviour":[1,77],"and":[2,20,32,94,103,136,170],"dilation":[3,31,71],"have":[4,41],"been":[5,42],"considered":[6],"in":[7,72],"the":[8,15,27,67,99,121,145,152,168,171],"literature":[9],"as":[10,133,144],"an":[11,61,141,149],"effective":[12,64],"input":[13],"for":[14,66],"measurement":[16],"of":[17,51,69,81,98,123,151,173],"cognitive":[18],"workload":[19],"stress.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"work,":[24],"we":[25],"explore":[26],"correlation":[28,118],"between":[29],"pupil":[30,70,137,153],"features":[33,132],"extracted":[34],"from":[35,78],"low":[36],"quality":[37],"video":[38],"frames":[39],"that":[40,113],"captured":[43],"using":[44],"a":[45,49,116,124,157],"normal":[46],"webcam":[47],"during":[48,92,176],"set":[50],"computer-based":[52],"tasks.":[53],"The":[54,109],"methodology":[55],"presented":[56],"herein":[57],"attempts":[58],"to":[59,74],"develop":[60],"alternative,":[62],"cost":[63],"technique":[65],"representation":[68],"order":[73],"track":[75],"pupillary":[76],"images":[79],"instead":[80],"employing":[82],"specialised,":[83],"high-cost":[84],"eye-tracking":[85],"devices,":[86],"which":[87,128],"typically":[88],"require":[89],"specialist":[90],"expertise":[91],"setup":[93],"calibration.":[95],"A":[96],"description":[97],"data":[100,105],"collection":[101],"protocol":[102],"subsequent":[104],"analysis":[106],"is":[107,115,161],"presented.":[108],"results":[110],"obtained":[111],"indicate":[112],"there":[114],"moderate":[117],"achieved":[119],"through":[120],"use":[122],"linear":[125],"regression":[126],"model,":[127],"employs":[129],"fiducial":[130],"point":[131],"independent":[134],"variables,":[135],"size":[138,154],"measured":[139],"by":[140],"infrared-based":[142],"eye-tracker":[143],"dependent":[146],"variable.":[147],"Furthermore,":[148],"example":[150],"variation":[155],"within":[156],"game-based":[158],"task":[159],"context":[160],"shown,":[162],"whereby":[163],"one":[164],"can":[165],"easily":[166],"relate":[167],"engagement":[169],"amount":[172],"mental":[174],"processing":[175],"gameplay.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
