{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000042474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","title":"Ancient medical literature semantic annotation using hidden markov models","display_name":"Ancient medical literature semantic annotation using hidden markov models","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000042474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","mag":"2000042474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088263100","display_name":"Heng Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-8663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021443137","display_name":"Wenxin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-968X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082690569","display_name":"Aihua Ou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6123-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aihua Ou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102714053","display_name":"Lili Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-4765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105984","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01gb3y148","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical, Data Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Medical Data, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101674154","display_name":"Chong He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8058-8104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404053","display_name":"Huihui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0858-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huihui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011162253","display_name":"Shixing Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3399-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shixing Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science & Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088263100"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06439687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":null,"first_page":"37","last_page":"40"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.983299970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.8083136081695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7864623665809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.673517644405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.666873574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6337587237358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-similarity","display_name":"Semantic similarity","score":0.5117802023887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4476649761199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.42631274461746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-annotation","display_name":"Semantic annotation","score":0.4144136905670166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.8083136081695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7864623665809631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.673517644405365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.666873574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6337587237358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130318100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2268914","display_name":"Semantic similarity","level":2,"score":0.5117802023887634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4476649761199951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42631274461746216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985727698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Semantic annotation","level":3,"score":0.4144136905670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2014.6999320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547553618","https://openalex.org/W1996466033","https://openalex.org/W2048151729","https://openalex.org/W2079359777","https://openalex.org/W2102121667","https://openalex.org/W2145948275","https://openalex.org/W2323383162","https://openalex.org/W2368260456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369337446","https://openalex.org/W2126412646","https://openalex.org/W4385569300","https://openalex.org/W3032255889","https://openalex.org/W2574165153","https://openalex.org/W2251095918","https://openalex.org/W2206855020","https://openalex.org/W2105339902","https://openalex.org/W2123888462","https://openalex.org/W2900565345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"Chinese":[1],"medicine":[2],"(TCM)":[3],"has":[4],"accumulated":[5],"amount":[6],"of":[7,12,87,95,102],"literature":[8],"with":[9,40],"a":[10,61,72],"total":[11],"1,059":[13],"volumes,":[14],"more":[15,20],"than":[16,21],"190,000":[17],"chapters,":[18],"and":[19,55,63,91],"120,000,000":[22],"words":[23],"during":[24],"the":[25,30,35,70,100],"last":[26],"2000":[27],"years.":[28],"In":[29],"previous":[31],"works,":[32],"researchers":[33],"annotated":[34],"phrases":[36],"one":[37,39],"by":[38],"their":[41],"own":[42],"hands.":[43],"Here":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"semantic":[47,65,73],"annotation":[48,56,74],"techniques":[49],"based":[50],"on":[51,69,99],"Semantic":[52],"units":[53],"division":[54],"are":[57],"realized":[58],"through":[59],"constructing":[60],"corpus":[62],"professional":[64],"unit":[66],"dictionary.":[67],"Based":[68],"technology,":[71],"method":[75],"is":[76],"implemented":[77],"using":[78],"hidden":[79],"markov":[80],"models,":[81],"which":[82],"achieves":[83],"92.2%":[84],"in":[85,93],"terms":[86,94],"micro-average":[88],"F1":[89,97],"measure":[90,98],"87.6%":[92],"macro-average":[96],"case":[101],"spleen":[103],"putty":[104],"genre.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
