{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388674317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484","title":"Towards Multi-Functional ECG Smart System Based on a Client-Edge-Cloud Architecture","display_name":"Towards Multi-Functional ECG Smart System Based on a Client-Edge-Cloud Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388674317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006113072","display_name":"Rajdeep Kumar Nath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7032-8623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajdeep Kumar Nath","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Kuopio,Finland","VTT Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Kuopio,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048745773","display_name":"Jaakko Tervonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-0253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaakko Tervonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Espoo,Finland","VTT Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020800735","display_name":"Johanna N\u00e4rv\u00e4inen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna N\u00e4rv\u00e4inen","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Kuopio,Finland","VTT Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Kuopio,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024998459","display_name":"Kati Pettersson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-0042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kati Pettersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Espoo,Finland","VTT Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Espoo,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031695371","display_name":"Jani M\u00e4ntyj\u00e4rvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-9641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jani M\u00e4ntyj\u00e4rvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Oulu,Finland","VTT Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Oulu,Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60738633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8186272382736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6860174536705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5644530057907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5400413274765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5359388589859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.484567791223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4837351143360138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47767478227615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.47371405363082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4488895833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4412170648574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.44094035029411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4258328080177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-resource","display_name":"Computational resource","score":0.41832906007766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34470146894454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.2517867684364319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8186272382736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6860174536705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5644530057907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5400413274765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5359388589859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.484567791223526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4837351143360138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47767478227615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47371405363082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4488895833492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4412170648574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.44094035029411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4258328080177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092142","display_name":"Computational resource","level":3,"score":0.41832906007766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34470146894454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.2517867684364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313144","display_name":"ITEA","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007123640","https://openalex.org/W2036309320","https://openalex.org/W2102580529","https://openalex.org/W2621205740","https://openalex.org/W3114883817","https://openalex.org/W3181534568","https://openalex.org/W4320712860","https://openalex.org/W4366149848","https://openalex.org/W4377861686","https://openalex.org/W4378801052","https://openalex.org/W4387421370","https://openalex.org/W6774314701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4313463379","https://openalex.org/W3214037210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,46,52,153],"novel":[4],"client-edge-cloud-based":[5],"framework":[6,36,73,179],"that":[7,105,141],"integrates":[8],"the":[9,38,67,75,85,93,98,123,127,135,142,156,160,164,169,175,177],"learning":[10,28],"of":[11,25,97,159,171],"task-invariant":[12],"ECG":[13,18,42,48,56],"feature":[14,64],"representations":[15],"from":[16],"ultra-short":[17],"segments":[19],"(<10":[20],"sec)":[21],"and":[22,80,88,95,111,115,130,155,187],"subsequent":[23],"training":[24,45,157],"task-specific":[26,69],"machine":[27],"(ML)":[29],"classifiers":[30,162],"for":[31,40,62,66,126,183],"different":[32,68,103,128],"applications.":[33,70],"Our":[34,138],"proposed":[35,72,99,178],"removes":[37],"need":[39],"application-specific":[41,143],"processing":[43],"by":[44],"general":[47],"representation":[49,57],"learner":[50,58],"in":[51,150,168],"self-supervised":[53],"manner.":[54],"The":[55,71,117],"is":[59],"then":[60],"used":[61],"generating":[63],"inputs":[65],"distributes":[74],"computation":[76],"across":[77],"cloud,":[78],"edge,":[79],"client":[81],"components":[82],"depending":[83],"on":[84,101],"resource":[86],"requirement":[87],"time":[89,158],"criticality.":[90],"We":[91],"demonstrate":[92],"feasibility":[94],"promise":[96],"approach":[100],"two":[102],"applications,":[104],"is,":[106],"acute":[107],"stress":[108],"type":[109],"classification,":[110],"biometric":[112],"user":[113],"identification":[114],"authentication.":[116],"use":[118],"cases":[119],"were":[120],"analyzed":[121],"using":[122],"computational":[124,131],"parameters":[125],"models":[129,145],"tasks":[132],"along":[133],"with":[134],"overall":[136],"performance.":[137],"analyses":[139],"show":[140],"ML":[144,161],"can":[146,180],"perform":[147],"real-time":[148],"inference":[149],"less":[151],"than":[152],"second":[154],"at":[163],"edge":[165],"devices":[166],"are":[167],"order":[170],"10-20":[172],"seconds.":[173],"In":[174],"future,":[176],"be":[181],"utilized":[182],"developing":[184],"reliable,":[185],"secure,":[186],"multi-functional":[188],"ECG-based":[189],"smart":[190],"systems.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
