{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388674301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367","title":"Exploring the Capabilities of a Language Model-Only Approach for Depression Detection in Text Data","display_name":"Exploring the Capabilities of a Language Model-Only Approach for Depression Detection in Text Data","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388674301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016889579","display_name":"Misha Sadeghi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Misha Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075603650","display_name":"Bernhard Egger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-2397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Egger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Visual Computing,Department of Computer Science,Erlangen,Germany,91058"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Visual Computing,Department of Computer Science,Erlangen,Germany,91058","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093262254","display_name":"Reza Agahi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Agahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syenah GMBH,Eschborn,Germany,65760"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syenah GMBH,Eschborn,Germany,65760","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035430335","display_name":"Robert Richer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-5403"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Richer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033404421","display_name":"Klara Capito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8249-407X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klara Capito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011315141","display_name":"Lydia Helene Rupp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4248-1055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lydia Helene Rupp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000485873","display_name":"Lena Schindler\u2010Gmelch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-1603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lena Schindler-Gmelch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014181173","display_name":"Matthias Berking","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5903-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Berking","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014144494","display_name":"Bjoern M. Eskofier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0417-0336"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern M. Eskofier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg (FAU),Machine Learning and Data Analytics Lab,Department Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering,Erlangen,Germany,91052","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016889579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5043,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98496187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12488","display_name":"Mental Health via Writing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.639437735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-summarization","display_name":"Automatic summarization","score":0.6141694188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"Depression (economics)","score":0.5745015144348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interview","display_name":"Interview","score":0.5532808899879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5020716190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health","display_name":"Mental health","score":0.4636472463607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4329873025417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.40503019094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.358414888381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.35779693722724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32125556468963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.1521705985069275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.639437735080719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170858558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1394144","display_name":"Automatic summarization","level":2,"score":0.6141694188117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5745015144348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.5532808899879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5020716190338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4636472463607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4329873025417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.40503019094467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.358414888381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.35779693722724915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32125556468963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1521705985069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi58575.2023.10313367","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W2048533792","https://openalex.org/W2071513756","https://openalex.org/W2103297431","https://openalex.org/W2109636054","https://openalex.org/W2163928333","https://openalex.org/W2252180568","https://openalex.org/W2346454595","https://openalex.org/W2530305026","https://openalex.org/W2531271152","https://openalex.org/W2765540322","https://openalex.org/W2767030624","https://openalex.org/W2767088461","https://openalex.org/W2889056793","https://openalex.org/W2962762902","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2972853497","https://openalex.org/W2973178409","https://openalex.org/W2981501230","https://openalex.org/W2981677410","https://openalex.org/W2982183006","https://openalex.org/W3003850414","https://openalex.org/W3098431772","https://openalex.org/W3161724753","https://openalex.org/W3199562679","https://openalex.org/W3200946425","https://openalex.org/W4224924082","https://openalex.org/W4285240641","https://openalex.org/W4311000453","https://openalex.org/W6635087628","https://openalex.org/W6676218802","https://openalex.org/W6691669583","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6847363464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366403280","https://openalex.org/W1495108544","https://openalex.org/W2091301346","https://openalex.org/W3148229873","https://openalex.org/W4389760904","https://openalex.org/W2005156726","https://openalex.org/W1979650037","https://openalex.org/W1930429402","https://openalex.org/W2461828801","https://openalex.org/W2064700171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Depression":[0],"is":[1,78],"a":[2,55,68,94,125,150],"prevalent":[3],"and":[4,12,17,93,128],"debilitating":[5],"mental":[6,191],"health":[7,192],"condition":[8],"that":[9],"requires":[10],"accurate":[11],"efficient":[13,127],"detection":[14,74,97],"for":[15,71,204],"timely":[16],"effective":[18,129],"treatment.":[19],"In":[20,134],"this":[21],"study,":[22],"we":[23,99,137],"utilized":[24],"the":[25,37,64,101,114,142,146,168,182,186,195],"E-DAIC":[26,65,147],"(Extended":[27],"Distress":[28],"Analysis":[29],"Interview":[30],"Corpus-Wizard-of-Oz)":[31],"dataset,":[32,39,148],"an":[33,47],"extended":[34],"version":[35],"of":[36,42,104,116,131,145,155,170,188,197],"DAIC-WOZ":[38],"which":[40],"consists":[41],"semi-clinical":[43],"interviews":[44],"conducted":[45],"by":[46,54],"animated":[48],"virtual":[49],"interviewer":[50,57],"called":[51],"Ellie,":[52],"controlled":[53],"human":[56],"in":[58,108,157,173,190,200],"another":[59],"room.":[60],"With":[61],"275":[62],"participants,":[63],"dataset":[66],"represents":[67],"valuable":[69],"resource":[70],"investigating":[72],"depression":[73,96,110,176],"methods.":[75],"Our":[76,178],"aim":[77],"to":[79,181],"predict":[80],"PHQ-8":[81,159],"scores":[82,160],"through":[83],"text":[84,91],"analysis.":[85],"Leveraging":[86],"state-of-the-art":[87],"speech":[88],"processing,":[89],"LLM-based":[90],"summarization,":[92],"specialized":[95],"module,":[98],"demonstrate":[100],"transformative":[102],"potential":[103],"language":[105],"data":[106],"analysis":[107],"enhancing":[109],"screening.":[111],"By":[112],"overcoming":[113],"limitations":[115],"manual":[117],"feature":[118],"extraction":[119],"methods,":[120],"our":[121,135,171],"automated":[122],"techniques":[123],"provide":[124],"more":[126],"means":[130],"evaluating":[132],"depression.":[133,205],"evaluation,":[136],"achieve":[138],"robust":[139],"accuracy":[140],"on":[141],"development":[143],"set":[144],"with":[149],"Mean":[151],"Absolute":[152],"Error":[153],"(MAE)":[154],"3.65":[156],"estimating":[158],"from":[161],"recorded":[162],"interviews.":[163],"This":[164],"remarkable":[165],"performance":[166],"highlights":[167],"efficacy":[169],"approach":[172],"automatically":[174],"predicting":[175],"severity.":[177],"research":[179],"contributes":[180],"growing":[183],"evidence":[184],"supporting":[185],"use":[187],"LLMs":[189],"assessment,":[193],"showcasing":[194],"role":[196],"innovative":[198],"technologies":[199],"advancing":[201],"patient":[202],"care":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}