{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308390527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955","title":"Domain over size: Clinical ELECTRA surpasses general BERT for bleeding site classification in the free text of electronic health records","display_name":"Domain over size: Clinical ELECTRA surpasses general BERT for bleeding site classification in the free text of electronic health records","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308390527","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608521","display_name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015249430","display_name":"Jannik Skyttegaard Pedersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184886455","display_name":"Maersk (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/046gbzb64","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184886455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jannik S. Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006278781","display_name":"Martin Sundahl Laursen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-1325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184886455","display_name":"Maersk (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/046gbzb64","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184886455"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin S. Laursen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084198564","display_name":"Cristina Soguero-Ru\u00edz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5817-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Soguero-Ruiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,Fuenlabrada,Spain","Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos,Fuenlabrada,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Theory and Communication, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Fuenlabrada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069935355","display_name":"Thiusius Rajeeth Savarimuthu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2478-8694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184886455","display_name":"Maersk (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/046gbzb64","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184886455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thiusius R. Savarimuthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark,Odense,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184886455","https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078515561","display_name":"Rasmus S\u00f8gaard Hansen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5588-5489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801498763","display_name":"Odense University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey0ed83","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasmus Sogaard Hansen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Odense University Hospital,Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Odense,Denmark","Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Odense University Hospital,Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Odense,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025221854","display_name":"Pernille Just Vinholt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2035-0169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801498763","display_name":"Odense University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00ey0ed83","country_code":"DK","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pernille J. Vinholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Odense University Hospital,Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Odense,Denmark","Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Odense University Hospital,Department of Clinical Biochemistry,Odense,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801498763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015249430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490","https://openalex.org/I184886455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71606335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-records","display_name":"Health records","score":0.6524518728256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.548984944820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4822274148464203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3746861219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3667970299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3574680685997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.14386755228042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11712002754211426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019952477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Health records","level":3,"score":0.6524518728256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.548984944820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4822274148464203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3746861219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3667970299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3574680685997009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.14386755228042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11712002754211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi56158.2022.9926955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608521","display_name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:openaire_cris_publications/f868a0b1-8aa0-49ad-b8f0-d8fe397556aa","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/f868a0b1-8aa0-49ad-b8f0-d8fe397556aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pedersen, J S, Laursen, M S, Soguero-Ruiz, C, Savarimuthu, T R, Hansen, R S & Vinholt, P J 2022, Domain over size : Clinical ELECTRA surpasses general BERT for bleeding site classification in the free text of electronic health records. in 2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI). IEEE, Proceedings - IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), 2022 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics, BHI 2022, Ioannina, Greece, 27/09/2022. https://doi.org/10.1109/BHI56158.2022.9926955","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116612251","https://openalex.org/W2123491308","https://openalex.org/W2127985968","https://openalex.org/W2148287985","https://openalex.org/W2156235098","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897815444","https://openalex.org/W2899011686","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3157553536","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4287824654","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6768817161","https://openalex.org/W6771917389","https://openalex.org/W6810081322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4243037604","https://openalex.org/W4311351207","https://openalex.org/W2319714588","https://openalex.org/W3188962172","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W4312825515","https://openalex.org/W4306742369","https://openalex.org/W275106386","https://openalex.org/W4303457083","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bleeding":[0],"can":[1],"be":[2],"a":[3,38,150,170,184],"life-threatening":[4],"condition":[5],"which":[6,70],"occurs":[7],"for":[8,73,86,93,196],"3.2%":[9],"of":[10,26,49,77,95,101,111,128,188],"medical":[11,105],"patients.":[12],"Information":[13],"about":[14],"previous":[15],"bleeding":[16,18,28,61,68,96,113,145],"and":[17,29,88,135,147],"site":[19,69,146],"is":[20,37,43,71],"used":[21],"to":[22,109],"predict":[23],"the":[24,46,67,75,78,83],"risk":[25],"future":[27],"guide":[30],"anticoagulant":[31],"treatment.":[32],"However,":[33],"obtaining":[34],"this":[35],"information":[36],"time-consuming":[39],"task":[40],"as":[41,107],"it":[42],"contained":[44],"in":[45,119],"free":[47],"text":[48,158],"electronic":[50,121],"health":[51,122],"records.":[52],"Previous":[53],"research":[54],"has":[55],"mainly":[56],"been":[57],"focused":[58],"on":[59,143,156,183],"extracting":[60],"events":[62],"but":[63],"does":[64],"not":[65],"classify":[66],"important":[72],"assessing":[74],"severity":[76],"bleeding.":[79],"This":[80],"study":[81],"creates":[82],"first":[84],"dataset":[85,99],"developing":[87],"evaluating":[89],"machine":[90],"learning":[91,141],"models":[92,142],"classification":[94],"site.":[97],"The":[98,115],"consists":[100],"sentences":[102,116],"annotated":[103,118],"by":[104],"doctors":[106],"belonging":[108],"one":[110],"ten":[112],"sites.":[114],"were":[117],"149,523":[120],"record":[123],"notes":[124],"from":[125],"1,533":[126],"patients":[127],"Odense":[129],"University":[130],"Hospital,":[131],"Denmark,":[132],"between":[133,206],"2015":[134],"2020.":[136],"We":[137,191],"compare":[138],"different":[139,194],"deep":[140],"classifying":[144],"find":[148],"that":[149],"\u223c13M":[151],"parameter":[152,172],"ELECTRA":[153],"model":[154,175],"pretrained":[155],"clinical":[157],"achieves":[159],"higher":[160],"accuracy":[161],"(":[162,176],"<tex":[163,177],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[164,178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.905\\":[165],"\\pm":[166,180],"0.002$</tex>":[167],")":[168,182],"than":[169],"\u223c110M":[171],"general":[173],"BERT":[174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.884":[179],"0.001$</tex>":[181],"balanced":[185],"test":[186,193],"set":[187],"1,500":[189],"sentences.":[190],"furthermore":[192],"methods":[195],"dealing":[197],"with":[198],"unbalanced":[199],"data":[200],"without":[201],"finding":[202],"any":[203],"significant":[204],"differences":[205],"methods.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
