{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026566812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","title":"SmartSpaghetti: Accurate and robust tracking of Human's location","display_name":"SmartSpaghetti: Accurate and robust tracking of Human's location","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026566812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","mag":"2026566812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918972","display_name":"IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...)","issn_l":"2641-3590","issn":["2641-3590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068202427","display_name":"Mostafa Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3663-485X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028134056","display_name":"Ajay Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7881-4010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112018729","display_name":"Kurt Maly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Maly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058067329","display_name":"Tamer Nadeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-1978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamer Nadeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025113173","display_name":"Sandip A. Godambe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-4159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141597","display_name":"Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters","ror":"https://ror.org/047nnbj13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Godambe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014669793","display_name":"Arno Zaritsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-8489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141597","display_name":"Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters","ror":"https://ror.org/047nnbj13","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arno Zaritsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Children\u2019s Hospital of the King\u2019s Daughters, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141597"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068202427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74910545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6379282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5000734329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4513305127620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4051138162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.06706902384757996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6379282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5000734329223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4513305127620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4051138162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.06706902384757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2014.6864321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918972","display_name":"IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI ...)","issn_l":"2641-3590","issn":["2641-3590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.718.2825","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.718.2825","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.odu.edu/%7Emuddin/BHI_paper.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991750682","https://openalex.org/W2054602086","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2102867227","https://openalex.org/W2133403299","https://openalex.org/W2141135046","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W4248905411","https://openalex.org/W6679571969","https://openalex.org/W6680953539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"important":[1],"tool":[2],"of":[3,48,64,95,122,130],"the":[4,8,15,26,46,62,69,84,93,104,108,123],"Lean":[5],"management":[6],"is":[7,40],"\u201cSpaghetti":[9],"Diagram\u201d,":[10],"which":[11,45,67],"helps":[12],"to":[13],"establish":[14],"optimum":[16],"layout":[17],"for":[18],"a":[19,22,80],"department":[20],"or":[21],"ward":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25],"movements":[27,47],"performed":[28],"by":[29,78,102],"patients,":[30],"staff":[31,49],"and/or":[32,51],"products":[33],"(e.g.,":[34],"x-ray":[35],"machines).":[36],"The":[37],"spaghetti":[38],"diagram":[39],"usually":[41],"created":[42],"manually":[43],"in":[44,72,98,111],"members":[50],"patients":[52],"are":[53],"visually":[54],"observed.":[55],"In":[56,88],"our":[57],"previous":[58],"work,":[59],"we":[60,91,118],"reported":[61],"development":[63],"SmartSpaghetti":[65,96,131],"system,":[66],"generates":[68],"Spaghetti":[70],"Diagram":[71],"an":[73,112],"automated":[74],"and":[75,107,114,126],"non-intrusive":[76],"way":[77],"tracking":[79,99],"human's":[81,100],"location":[82,101],"using":[83],"smartphone's":[85],"inertia":[86],"sensors.":[87],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"address":[92],"challenges":[94],"system":[97],"estimating":[103],"distance":[105,125],"traveled":[106],"direction":[109,127],"change":[110],"accurate":[113],"robust":[115],"way.":[116],"Finally,":[117],"show":[119],"preliminary":[120],"evaluation":[121],"developed":[124],"estimation":[128],"modules":[129],"system.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}