{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090164180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","title":"Evaluating the effects of image filters in CT Liver CAD system","display_name":"Evaluating the effects of image filters in CT Liver CAD system","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090164180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","mag":"2090164180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Abdalla Mostafa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdalla Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute Of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","Institute of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute Of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048944548","display_name":"Hesham A. Hefny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5862-675X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham Hefny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute Of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","Institute of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute Of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Statistical Studies and Researches, Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024057651","display_name":"Neveen I. Ghali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-0765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neven I. Ghali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt","Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085432173","display_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers & Information Cairo University, Egypt","Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers & Information Cairo University, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Cairo University Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105462955","display_name":"Gerald Schaefer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1292-7674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Schaefer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, U.K","[Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, U.K.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, U.K.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"448","last_page":"451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharpening","display_name":"Sharpening","score":0.7356826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6870290637016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cad","display_name":"CAD","score":0.6175119280815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5772333145141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5608099102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5418245792388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5241972804069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5223582983016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.49321502447128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4844093918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.48138096928596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.45044249296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44558772444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.44198697805404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4337165355682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36944258213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30866706371307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1183009147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08673858642578125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237105","display_name":"Sharpening","level":2,"score":0.7356826663017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6870290637016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194789388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17855283","display_name":"CAD","level":2,"score":0.6175119280815125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5772333145141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5608099102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5418245792388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5241972804069519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5223582983016968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.49321502447128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4844093918800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.48138096928596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.45044249296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44558772444725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.44198697805404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4337165355682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36944258213043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30866706371307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1183009147644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08673858642578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bhi.2012.6211613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2012 IEEE-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51240228","https://openalex.org/W147748828","https://openalex.org/W1533162639","https://openalex.org/W2003370853","https://openalex.org/W2021186596","https://openalex.org/W2028397379","https://openalex.org/W2042680362","https://openalex.org/W2056116011","https://openalex.org/W2090123855","https://openalex.org/W2144751639","https://openalex.org/W2147555557","https://openalex.org/W2170343378","https://openalex.org/W4237938455","https://openalex.org/W4254563424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329932281","https://openalex.org/W64535957","https://openalex.org/W2043790407","https://openalex.org/W2348902545","https://openalex.org/W2321247741","https://openalex.org/W2136313643","https://openalex.org/W2087564795","https://openalex.org/W4386159743","https://openalex.org/W2011367085","https://openalex.org/W3136545447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,70,123,148],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,11,20,56,89,115,125,133,167],"image":[4,13,21,58],"pre-processing":[5,35],"is":[6,32],"to":[7,63,102,108],"improve":[8],"the":[9,54,97,112,126,130,134,165],"quality":[10],"an":[12],"so":[14],"that":[15],"it":[16],"makes":[17],"subsequent":[18],"phases":[19],"analysis":[22],"like":[23],"segmentation":[24,121,131],"or":[25,28],"recognition":[26],"easier":[27],"more":[29],"effective.":[30],"Filtering":[31],"a":[33,118,154],"key":[34],"technique":[36],"used":[37],"for":[38,153],"various":[39],"effects":[40],"including":[41],"contrast":[42,75,155,168],"stretching,":[43,76],"sharpening":[44],"and":[45,52,83,96,106,110,144,164,170,176],"smoothing.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,72],"evaluate":[51],"analyse":[53],"effect":[55,124],"several":[57],"filtering":[59,127],"techniques":[60,71,128],"with":[61],"respect":[62],"their":[64,104],"computer":[65],"aided":[66],"diagnosis":[67],"(CAD)":[68],"performance.":[69],"investigate":[73],"include":[74],"convolution,":[77],"median":[78],"fitlering,":[79],"averaging,":[80],"inverse":[81],"transformation":[82,85],"logarithm":[84],"filters.":[86],"An":[87],"application":[88],"CT":[90],"liver":[91,113],"imaging":[92],"CAD":[93,135],"was":[94,137,151],"chosen":[95],"selected":[98],"filters":[99],"were":[100],"applied":[101],"see":[103],"ability":[105],"accuracy":[107],"segment":[109],"isolate":[111],"region":[114,119],"interest":[116],"using":[117,139],"growing":[120],"approach.":[122],"on":[129],"performance":[132,150],"system":[136],"investigated":[138],"mean":[140],"squared":[141],"error":[142],"(MSE)":[143],"similarity":[145],"index":[146],"(SI).":[147],"highest":[149],"achieved":[152],"stretching":[156,169],"filter":[157,172],"(MSE":[158,173],"=":[159,162,174,178],"0.1869,":[160],"SI":[161,177],"0.8423)":[163],"combination":[166],"average":[171],"0.17198":[175],"0.83257).":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}