{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404295477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672","title":"A Direct Digital Synthesizer-Based Arbitrary Waveform Generator for Envelope Modulation in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computer Operating at 4K","display_name":"A Direct Digital Synthesizer-Based Arbitrary Waveform Generator for Envelope Modulation in Trapped-Ion Quantum Computer Operating at 4K","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404295477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105015638","display_name":"Paul Shine Eugine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7187-3701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Shine Eugine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102900482","display_name":"Peter Toth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4384-6263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Toth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101782296","display_name":"Kaoru Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9359-5580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaoru Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University,Ishikuro Laboratory,Yokohama,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University,Ishikuro Laboratory,Yokohama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064981301","display_name":"S. Halama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6011-9597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Halama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University,Hannover,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University,Hannover,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062780325","display_name":"C. Ospelkaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4170-2936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Ospelkaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University,Hannover,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University,Hannover,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024696615","display_name":"Hiroki Ishikuro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroki Ishikuro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keio University,Ishikuro Laboratory,Yokohama,Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keio University,Ishikuro Laboratory,Yokohama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058558617","display_name":"\u0412\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0406\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3450-8745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94509681","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Braunschweig","ror":"https://ror.org/010nsgg66","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vadim Issakov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for CMOS Design, TU Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105015638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94509681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77248244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"50","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11414","display_name":"Quantum optics and atomic interactions","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7597882151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.7493597269058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.6566823720932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-waveform-generator","display_name":"Arbitrary waveform generator","score":0.6284686326980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6232476830482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.6202424764633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.543376088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5337930917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.4335242509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.39861494302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3961881697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3793339431285858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3377212882041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30272674560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.20422330498695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17491206526756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.15657523274421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.14241382479667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13776814937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.07686600089073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06782138347625732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7597882151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.7493597269058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.6566823720932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108307224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629983","display_name":"Arbitrary waveform generator","level":4,"score":0.6284686326980591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6232476830482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.6202424764633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.543376088142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5337930917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.4335242509841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.39861494302749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3961881697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3793339431285858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3377212882041931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30272674560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.20422330498695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17491206526756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.15657523274421692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.14241382479667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13776814937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.07686600089073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06782138347625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcicts59662.2024.10745672","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE BiCMOS and Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits and Technology Symposium (BCICTS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084661371","https://openalex.org/W2803754938","https://openalex.org/W2986506584","https://openalex.org/W3090525179","https://openalex.org/W3147660836","https://openalex.org/W4200635006","https://openalex.org/W4206255827","https://openalex.org/W4226100192","https://openalex.org/W4308089899","https://openalex.org/W4322577917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2365146735","https://openalex.org/W2142242593","https://openalex.org/W2363751393","https://openalex.org/W2041522089","https://openalex.org/W2545477315","https://openalex.org/W2370605380","https://openalex.org/W2393362675","https://openalex.org/W2388687862","https://openalex.org/W2150205993","https://openalex.org/W2357173875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,54],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,44],"Arbitrary":[4],"Waveform":[5],"Generator":[6],"(AWG)":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"a":[10,16,24,33,49,59,62,72,100,125],"Direct":[11],"Digital":[12],"Synthesizer":[13],"(DDS)":[14],"with":[15,43],"sub-Hz":[17],"frequency":[18],"resolution.":[19],"The":[20,66,88,109],"proposed":[21,67],"circuit":[22,69],"generates":[23],"low-frequency":[25],"arbitrary":[26],"signal":[27],"used":[28],"for":[29,39,144],"amplitude":[30,145],"modulation":[31,147],"of":[32,102,128,134],"microwave":[34],"(MW)":[35],"carrier":[36],"signal,":[37],"required":[38],"qubit":[40],"entanglement":[41],"operations":[42],"enhanced":[45],"gate":[46],"fidelity":[47],"in":[48,113,148],"Trapped-Ion":[50],"Quantum":[51],"Computer":[52],"(TIQC).":[53],"is":[55,111,139],"realized":[56],"by":[57],"utilizing":[58],"DDS":[60],"as":[61],"custom":[63],"waveform":[64],"generator.":[65],"mixed-signal":[68],"operates":[70],"at":[71],"2.5":[73],"V":[74,78],"analog":[75],"and":[76,81,98,123],"1.5":[77],"digital":[79],"supply":[80],"dissipates":[82],"$52":[83],"\\mu":[84,118],"\\mathrm{~W}":[85],"/":[86],"\\mathrm{MHz}$.":[87],"chip":[89],"was":[90],"measured":[91],"from":[92],"4":[93],"K":[94,97],"to":[95],"297":[96],"achieves":[99],"SFDR":[101],"$\\mathbf{4":[103],"2}":[104],"\\mathbf{~":[105],"d":[106],"B":[107],"c}$.":[108],"design":[110],"fabricated":[112],"Infineon\u2019s":[114],"$\\mathbf{0.":[115],"1":[116],"3}":[117],"\\mathrm{m}$":[119],"SiGe":[120],"BiCMOS":[121],"technology":[122],"has":[124],"core":[126],"area":[127],"$0.45":[129],"\\mathrm{~mm}^{2}$.":[130],"To":[131],"the":[132,135,140],"best":[133],"authors\u2019":[136],"knowledge,":[137],"this":[138],"first":[141],"reported":[142],"AWG":[143],"envelope":[146],"trapped-ion":[149],"quantum":[150],"computer":[151],"application.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}