{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393406706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492","title":"Decoding EEG\u2013based Workload Levels Using Spatio\u2013temporal Features Under Flight Environment","display_name":"Decoding EEG\u2013based Workload Levels Using Spatio\u2013temporal Features Under Flight Environment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393406706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 12th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068559438","display_name":"Dae-Hyeok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dae-Hyeok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Republic of Korea","Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering,Seoul,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012067997","display_name":"Sung-Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7918-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Dept. of Artificial Intelligence,Seoul,Republic of Korea","Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Dept. of Artificial Intelligence,Seoul,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100747417","display_name":"Si\u2010Hyun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-0221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si-Hyun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University,Dept. of Artificial Intelligence,Seoul,Republic of Korea","Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University,Dept. of Artificial Intelligence,Seoul,Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068559438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66373727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.8074370622634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7648049592971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7620932459831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.758558452129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4698345363140106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43261927366256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3680056929588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34621572494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34288734197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12724027037620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09209159016609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07307195663452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06254801154136658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.8074370622634888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7648049592971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7620932459831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758558452129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4698345363140106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43261927366256714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3680056929588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34621572494506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34288734197616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12724027037620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09209159016609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07307195663452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06254801154136658}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci60775.2024.10480492","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 12th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321373","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966527337","https://openalex.org/W1969715890","https://openalex.org/W1970749173","https://openalex.org/W1973052738","https://openalex.org/W2023133322","https://openalex.org/W2164360360","https://openalex.org/W2505613605","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2594079185","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2792608425","https://openalex.org/W2804035092","https://openalex.org/W2903486342","https://openalex.org/W2914227855","https://openalex.org/W2943219943","https://openalex.org/W2950323440","https://openalex.org/W2979689127","https://openalex.org/W2989568715","https://openalex.org/W2989793251","https://openalex.org/W2992988687","https://openalex.org/W3012521722","https://openalex.org/W3040262915","https://openalex.org/W3090929564","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W3107800993","https://openalex.org/W3121280022","https://openalex.org/W3148095804","https://openalex.org/W3156163921","https://openalex.org/W3207904486","https://openalex.org/W3209470862","https://openalex.org/W4248083651","https://openalex.org/W4254112743","https://openalex.org/W4293522952","https://openalex.org/W4309342715","https://openalex.org/W4315853209","https://openalex.org/W4381733655","https://openalex.org/W6684585955","https://openalex.org/W6792941364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"detection":[1],"of":[2,27,48,61,73,119,167],"pilots\u2019":[3],"mental":[4,15],"states":[5,16],"is":[6,53],"important":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,17,32,57,83,107,150,164],"the":[10,25,46,54,66,85,95,101,151,161,165,177],"potential":[11],"for":[12],"their":[13],"abnormal":[14],"result":[18],"in":[19,94,130,176],"catastrophic":[20],"accidents.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23,52,158],"introduces":[24],"feasibility":[26],"employing":[28],"deep":[29,68],"learning":[30],"techniques":[31],"classify":[33,58],"different":[34],"work-load":[35],"levels,":[36],"specifically":[37],"normal":[38],"state,":[39],"low":[40],"workload,":[41],"and":[42,77,170],"high":[43],"workload.":[44],"To":[45],"best":[47],"our":[49,111,157],"knowledge,":[50],"this":[51],"first":[55],"attempt":[56],"workload":[59,132,143],"levels":[60,133,144],"pilots.":[62],"Our":[63,137],"approach":[64],"involves":[65],"hybrid":[67],"neural":[69],"network":[70],"that":[71,156],"consists":[72],"five":[74],"convolutional":[75],"blocks":[76],"one":[78],"long":[79],"short\u2013term":[80],"memory":[81],"block":[82],"extract":[84],"significant":[86,162],"features":[87],"from":[88],"electroencephalography":[89],"signals.":[90],"Ten":[91],"pilots":[92],"participated":[93],"experiment,":[96],"which":[97],"was":[98],"conducted":[99],"within":[100],"simulated":[102],"flight":[103,169],"environment.":[104],"In":[105],"contrast":[106],"four":[108],"conventional":[109,124],"models,":[110],"proposed":[112],"model":[113,138],"achieved":[114],"a":[115],"superior":[116],"grand\u2013average":[117],"accuracy":[118],"0.8613":[120],"(\u00b10.0278),":[121],"surpassing":[122],"other":[123],"models":[125],"by":[126],"at":[127],"least":[128],"0.0597":[129],"classifying":[131],"across":[134],"all":[135],"participants.":[136,152],"not":[139],"only":[140],"successfully":[141],"classified":[142],"but":[145],"also":[146],"provided":[147],"valuable":[148],"feedback":[149],"Hence,":[153],"we":[154],"anticipate":[155],"will":[159],"make":[160],"contributions":[163],"advancement":[166],"autonomous":[168],"driving":[171],"leveraging":[172],"artificial":[173],"intelligence":[174],"technology":[175],"future.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}