{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361186003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622","title":"Cognitive-switch detection for un-cued SSVEP BCI speller","display_name":"Cognitive-switch detection for un-cued SSVEP BCI speller","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361186003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019036300","display_name":"Heegyu Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3820-7669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heegyu Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007080067","display_name":"Kyungho Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5707-0304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyungho Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016209891","display_name":"Minkyu Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6512-0167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113825674","display_name":"Handong Global University","ror":"https://ror.org/00txhkt32","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkyu Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Handong Global University,Pohang,South Korea","Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University,Pohang,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113825674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017706356","display_name":"Sung Chan Jun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-4436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung Chan Jun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology,Gwangju,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019036300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66889907,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.9628233909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7385296821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6369425654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6038166284561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canonical-correlation","display_name":"Canonical correlation","score":0.48991745710372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evoked-potential","display_name":"Evoked potential","score":0.43691951036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.42991921305656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.404264897108078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.380365788936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10075566172599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.08330163359642029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.9628233909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7385296821594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6369425654411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6038166284561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153874254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115542","display_name":"Canonical correlation","level":2,"score":0.48991745710372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778823896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Evoked potential","level":2,"score":0.43691951036453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42991921305656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.404264897108078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.380365788936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10075566172599792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.08330163359642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80185880","https://openalex.org/W1605703787","https://openalex.org/W1838917091","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W2021098468","https://openalex.org/W2041998778","https://openalex.org/W2081931753","https://openalex.org/W2083217023","https://openalex.org/W2109008357","https://openalex.org/W2121538726","https://openalex.org/W2143183535","https://openalex.org/W2145302786","https://openalex.org/W2154774916","https://openalex.org/W2169866873","https://openalex.org/W2315936316","https://openalex.org/W2338492816","https://openalex.org/W2376898031","https://openalex.org/W2897905321","https://openalex.org/W3151857920","https://openalex.org/W4294214781","https://openalex.org/W6603207984","https://openalex.org/W6635915908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2321737855","https://openalex.org/W2293800410","https://openalex.org/W3183638985","https://openalex.org/W1991496323","https://openalex.org/W4320021951","https://openalex.org/W2216848651","https://openalex.org/W2367437682","https://openalex.org/W2604747709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steady-state":[0],"visual":[1,47,68],"evoked":[2],"potential":[3,11],"(SSVEP)based":[4],"brain-computer":[5],"interface":[6],"(BCI)":[7],"speller":[8,219],"has":[9],"the":[10,18,22,40,45,58,103,117,131,146,170,188,216],"to":[12,51,101,168],"carry":[13],"out":[14],"rapid":[15],"communication":[16],"between":[17,133],"human":[19],"brain":[20],"and":[21,86,140,145,198],"external":[23,92,185,222],"device.":[24],"In":[25,94],"SSVEP-based":[26,72,118,172,217],"BCI":[27,73,119,173,218],"spellers,":[28],"each":[29,52],"target":[30,53,79],"character":[31,60],"is":[32,49],"blinked":[33],"with":[34,224],"a":[35,63,77,90,99],"unique":[36,46,64],"frequency":[37,135],"depending":[38,66],"on":[39,67],"target;":[41],"in":[42,116,205],"other":[43,147],"words,":[44],"stimulus":[48,143],"assigned":[50],"character;":[54],"thus,":[55],"attention":[56],"of":[57,125,227],"targeted":[59],"may":[61,214],"generate":[62],"SSVEP":[65],"stimulus.":[69],"However,":[70],"most":[71],"spellers":[74],"have":[75],"adopted":[76],"cue-guided":[78],"approach":[80],"that":[81,107,212],"guides":[82],"both":[83],"resting":[84],"(stop)":[85],"task":[87],"(go)":[88],"by":[89],"predefined":[91],"cue.":[93],"this":[95],"paper,":[96],"we":[97,164],"proposed":[98,123,161,176,197],"method":[100,122,177,191],"detect":[102],"user\u2019s":[104],"cognitive":[105,149],"state":[106,110],"provides":[108],"working":[109],"information":[111],"from":[112],"electroencephalogram":[113],"(EEG)":[114],"signals":[115],"speller.":[120,174],"The":[121],"consists":[124],"two":[126,134],"steps:":[127],"one":[128],"procedure":[129],"estimates":[130],"difference":[132,204],"band":[136,139,142],"powers":[137],"(narrow":[138],"interval":[141],"frequency),":[144],"classifies":[148],"states":[150],"using":[151],"filter":[152],"bank":[153],"canonical":[154],"correlation":[155],"analysis":[156],"(FB-CCA).":[157],"To":[158],"investigate":[159],"our":[160,196],"method\u2019s":[162],"feasibility,":[163],"recruited":[165],"40":[166],"participants":[167],"perform":[169],"40-class":[171],"Our":[175],"achieved":[178,192],"71.7\u00b1":[179],"25.2%":[180],"classification":[181],"accuracy":[182],"without":[183,220],"an":[184,221],"cue,":[186],"while":[187],"conventional":[189],"cue-based":[190,199],"73.1\u00b1":[193],"22.2%.":[194],"Thus,":[195],"methods":[200],"yielded":[201],"no":[202,225],"significant":[203],"performance":[206],"(student\u2019s":[207],"paired":[208],"t-test,":[209],"p=0.41),":[210],"showing":[211],"users":[213],"operate":[215],"cue":[223],"loss":[226],"performance.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}