{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361186166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459","title":"On the Effect of Size and Contrast of the SSVEP Visual Stimuations on Classification Accuracy and User-Friendliness in Virtual Reality","display_name":"On the Effect of Size and Contrast of the SSVEP Visual Stimuations on Classification Accuracy and User-Friendliness in Virtual Reality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361186166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04278749v1/file/bci2023-effect_of_size_and_contrast_of_SSVEP_in_VR.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060021898","display_name":"Hakim Si-Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-3089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Si-Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL,Lille,France,F-59000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL,Lille,France,F-59000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046815740","display_name":"Christian Holz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9655-9519"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Holz","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Department of Computer Science,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z&#x00FC;rich,Department of Computer Science,Z&#x00FC;rich,Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078791295","display_name":"Andrew D. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","Microsoft Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036868085","display_name":"Hannes Gamper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-6367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hannes Gamper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","Microsoft Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070628744","display_name":"Adrian K. C. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-0500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Kc Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA","University of Washington [Seattle] (Seattle, Washington 98105 - United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington,Seattle,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington [Seattle] (Seattle, Washington 98105 - United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034420214","display_name":"Dimitra Emmanouilidou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitra Emmanouilidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","Microsoft Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023381858","display_name":"Edward Cutrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-6057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Cutrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","Microsoft Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007425970","display_name":"Ivan Tashev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Tashev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","Microsoft Research (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research,Redmond,WA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.818,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69702841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.8426259756088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6848706603050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6771519780158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annoyance","display_name":"Annoyance","score":0.6771019101142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6189484596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.48109170794487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47064393758773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4373571574687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.4134364426136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2819991707801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11870443820953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.08605846762657166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.8426259756088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6848706603050232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6771519780158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178937217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256401","display_name":"Annoyance","level":3,"score":0.6771019101142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6189484596252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.48109170794487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47064393758773804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4373571574687958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4134364426136017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2819991707801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11870443820953369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.08605846762657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79018884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622324","display_name":"Loudness","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bci57258.2023.10078459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04278749v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04278749","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04278749v1/file/bci2023-effect_of_size_and_contrast_of_SSVEP_in_VR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Feb 2023, Gangwon, South Korea. &#x27E8;10.1109/BCI57258.2023.10078459&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lilloa.univ-lille.fr:20.500.12210/89565","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12210/89565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402203","display_name":"LillOA (Universit\u00e9 de Lille (University Of Lille))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123514","host_organization_name":"Centre d'Etudes en Civilisations, Langues et Litt\u00e9ratures Etrang\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123514"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04278749v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04278749","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04278749v1/file/bci2023-effect_of_size_and_contrast_of_SSVEP_in_VR.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 11th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), Feb 2023, Gangwon, South Korea. &#x27E8;10.1109/BCI57258.2023.10078459&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361186166.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4361186166.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488979667","https://openalex.org/W1564064088","https://openalex.org/W1968916327","https://openalex.org/W1990947104","https://openalex.org/W2026292399","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2121538726","https://openalex.org/W2137237725","https://openalex.org/W2146126452","https://openalex.org/W2146978355","https://openalex.org/W2149857318","https://openalex.org/W2150825261","https://openalex.org/W2159314878","https://openalex.org/W2161419535","https://openalex.org/W2169296125","https://openalex.org/W2570440953","https://openalex.org/W2605492512","https://openalex.org/W2894943710","https://openalex.org/W3137061563","https://openalex.org/W3149679044","https://openalex.org/W3164941915","https://openalex.org/W4281483625","https://openalex.org/W6633729733","https://openalex.org/W6792300133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006964998","https://openalex.org/W1542491854","https://openalex.org/W2163959382","https://openalex.org/W4312257519","https://openalex.org/W2938339049","https://openalex.org/W4320183368","https://openalex.org/W1978513722","https://openalex.org/W2063009662","https://openalex.org/W2001659622","https://openalex.org/W2067287233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SSVEP-based":[0,168],"BCIs":[1,7,169],"are":[2],"amongst":[3],"the":[4,19,42,45,50,57,61,64,67,91,101,117,120,129,138,144,151,156],"most":[5],"promising":[6],"in":[8,21,87,105],"terms":[9],"of":[10,44,49,56,63,94,112,119,128,143],"speed":[11],"and":[12,28,47,60,76,98,136],"accuracy.":[13],"However,":[14],"despite":[15],"significant":[16,124],"effort":[17],"from":[18],"community":[20],"order":[22,88],"to":[23,35,70,89,165],"make":[24],"them":[25],"more":[26],"practical":[27],"user":[29,81],"friendly,":[30],"they":[31],"remain":[32],"particularly":[33],"annoying":[34],"use.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38,113],"paper,":[39],"we":[40],"investigate":[41],"effect":[43,93,142],"size":[46,118],"contrast":[48,145,172],"SSVEP":[51,102],"visual":[52],"stimulations":[53],"on":[54,83,100,126,137,150,155],"both":[55,127],"classification":[58,103,130,152],"accuracy":[59,104,153],"annoyance":[62],"interface,":[65],"with":[66],"global":[68],"aim":[69],"find":[71],"a":[72,80,106,123,133],"trade-off":[73],"between":[74],"performance":[75],"user-friendliness.":[77],"We":[78],"conducted":[79],"study":[82],"twelve":[84],"(12)":[85],"participants":[86],"evaluate":[90],"joint":[92],"different":[95],"stimulation":[96,121],"sizes":[97],"contrasts":[99],"Virtual":[107],"Reality":[108],"context.":[109],"The":[110],"results":[111],"experiment":[114],"suggest":[115],"that":[116,160],"has":[122],"impact":[125],"accuracy,":[131],"below":[132],"certain":[134],"threshold,":[135],"perceived":[139,157],"annoyance.":[140],"No":[141],"was":[146],"however":[147],"found":[148],"neither":[149],"nor":[154],"annoyance,":[158],"suggesting":[159],"it":[161],"is":[162],"still":[163],"possible":[164],"accurately":[166],"operate":[167],"using":[170],"lower":[171],"stimulation.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
