{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156966110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","title":"Learning with self-supervision on EEG data","display_name":"Learning with self-supervision on EEG data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156966110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","mag":"3156966110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018256474","display_name":"Alexandre Gramfort","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-4404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Gramfort","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033095909","display_name":"Hubert Banville","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3362-0244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109323","display_name":"InteraXon (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/02168q889","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109323"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert Banville","raw_affiliation_strings":["InteraXon Inc., Toronto, Canada Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InteraXon Inc., Toronto, Canada Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109323","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091523357","display_name":"Omar Chehab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4429-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Chehab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061498233","display_name":"Aapo Hyv\u00e4rinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5806-4432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aapo Hyvarinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040139150","display_name":"Denis A. Engemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128565","display_name":"CEA Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03n15ch10","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126360","display_name":"Inria Saclay - \u00cele de France","ror":"https://ror.org/0315e5x55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210126360"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Engemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universite' Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Palaiseau, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018256474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210126360","https://openalex.org/I4210128565"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9323,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70879684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795274257659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7590945959091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7496967315673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7026699185371399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5641214847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5183992385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5043684244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.48656001687049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4835221767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.41820770502090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4154001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08840462565422058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795274257659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7590945959091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7496967315673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7026699185371399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5641214847564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5183992385864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5043684244155884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.48656001687049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4835221767425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.41820770502090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4154001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08840462565422058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bci51272.2021.9385345","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 9th International Winter Conference on Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027927824","https://openalex.org/W2047665261","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2907610496","https://openalex.org/W2912943321","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963355311","https://openalex.org/W3023371261","https://openalex.org/W3101658985","https://openalex.org/W3134963548","https://openalex.org/W6758415408","https://openalex.org/W6781247748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048601286","https://openalex.org/W2965925734","https://openalex.org/W2799180539","https://openalex.org/W3170999895","https://openalex.org/W4389374014","https://openalex.org/W4287117940","https://openalex.org/W2131513867","https://openalex.org/W4389989304","https://openalex.org/W2036486025","https://openalex.org/W4312414840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supervised":[0],"learning":[1,43,107,187],"paradigms":[2],"are":[3],"often":[4],"limited":[5,97],"by":[6],"the":[7,179],"amount":[8],"of":[9,34,63,121,185],"labeled":[10],"data":[11,50,72,161],"that":[12,145,175],"is":[13,17,73],"available.":[14,171],"This":[15],"phenomenon":[16],"particularly":[18],"problematic":[19],"in":[20,32,68,75,115,159],"clinically-relevant":[21,135],"data,":[22,83,117],"such":[23],"as":[24],"electroencephalography":[25],"(EEG),":[26],"where":[27],"labeling":[28],"can":[29],"be":[30,86],"costly":[31],"terms":[33],"specialized":[35],"expertise":[36],"and":[37,56,130,140],"human":[38],"processing":[39],"time.":[40],"Consequently,":[41],"deep":[42,93,156,186],"architectures":[44],"designed":[45],"to":[46,61,88,99,118,181],"learn":[47,119],"on":[48,133,149,189],"EEG":[49,122,190],"have":[51],"yielded":[52],"relatively":[53],"shallow":[54],"models":[55,188],"performances":[57],"at":[58],"best":[59],"similar":[60],"those":[62],"traditional":[64],"feature-based":[65],"approaches.":[66],"However,":[67],"most":[69],"situations,":[70],"unlabeled":[71,82,116],"available":[74],"abundance.":[76],"By":[77],"extracting":[78],"information":[79],"from":[80],"this":[81],"it":[84],"might":[85],"possible":[87],"reach":[89],"competitive":[90,165],"performance":[91,166],"with":[92],"neural":[94,157],"networks":[95,158],"despite":[96],"access":[98],"labels.":[100],"Here":[101],"we":[102,125],"report":[103,144],"results":[104,132,173],"using":[105],"self-supervised":[106],"(SSL),":[108],"a":[109,127,182],"promising":[110],"technique":[111],"for":[112],"discovering":[113],"structure":[114],"representations":[120],"signals.":[123],"Specifically,":[124],"consider":[126],"contrastive":[128],"approach":[129],"provide":[131],"two":[134],"problems:":[136],"EEG-based":[137],"sleep":[138],"staging":[139],"pathology":[141],"detection.":[142],"Results":[143],"linear":[146],"classifiers":[147],"trained":[148],"SSL-learned":[150],"features":[151],"consistently":[152],"outperformed":[153],"purely":[154],"supervised":[155],"low-labeled":[160],"regimes":[162],"while":[163],"reaching":[164],"when":[167],"all":[168],"labels":[169],"were":[170],"Our":[172],"suggest":[174],"self-supervision":[176],"may":[177],"pave":[178],"way":[180],"wider":[183],"use":[184],"data.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
