{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416249724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817","title":"A Quantitative Study across CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) Triad and Performance in Blockchain-Based Crypto-Space","display_name":"A Quantitative Study across CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) Triad and Performance in Blockchain-Based Crypto-Space","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416249724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 7th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045456815","display_name":"Jongho Seol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4693-2507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931969281","display_name":"Middle Georgia State College","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqb692","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931969281"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Seol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle Georgia State University,Computer Science,Macon,GA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle Georgia State University,Computer Science,Macon,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077","https://openalex.org/I931969281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115995205","display_name":"J. Deuja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Deuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063551685","display_name":"Indy Park","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144448172","display_name":"Vanguard University","ror":"https://ror.org/02de0za51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144448172"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indy N. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanguard University,Natural Science and Math,Costa Mesa,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanguard University,Natural Science and Math,Costa Mesa,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144448172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085539430","display_name":"Cong Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112970883","display_name":"N. Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0825-402X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115475287","display_name":"Oklahoma State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9vbr38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oklahoma State University,Computer Science,Stillwater,OK,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115475287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"161","last_page":"168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.5777000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.5777000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.08919999748468399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.0617000013589859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modelling","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5123999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.4611999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45680001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.35249999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32645036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475164","display_name":"Stochastic ordering","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72108876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844565","display_name":"Transaction processing","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41431624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053357","display_name":"Block size","level":3,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca66705.2025.11229817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 7th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783408024","https://openalex.org/W2784523327","https://openalex.org/W2909202584","https://openalex.org/W2919061719","https://openalex.org/W2922361312","https://openalex.org/W2966436252","https://openalex.org/W2980494508","https://openalex.org/W3092036076","https://openalex.org/W3092231447","https://openalex.org/W3154518741","https://openalex.org/W3166356390","https://openalex.org/W4312890351","https://openalex.org/W4312900278","https://openalex.org/W4315631071","https://openalex.org/W4386631059","https://openalex.org/W4389543440","https://openalex.org/W4389575825"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,199,230],"new":[4,37],"quantitative":[5],"model":[6,32,46,65,112,115,142,193],"to":[7,26,51,55,60,133,154,191,197,240],"study":[8],"the":[9,43,49,64,93,114,117,121,126,141,152,163,167,172,192,207,213,220,242,262,275,280,290],"interplay":[10],"across":[11],"CIA":[12,169,281],"(Confidentiality,":[13],"Integrity,":[14],"Availability)":[15],"Triad":[16,282],"and":[17,34,58,100,136,166,185,218,228,232,235,253,259,283],"performance":[18,202,284],"in":[19,140,178,269],"blockchain-based":[20],"crypto":[21,173],"space":[22,174],"with":[23,97,131],"specific":[24],"reference":[25],"Ethereum":[27],"or":[28,180,183,187],"Ethereum-equivalent":[29],"chains.":[30],"The":[31,102,138,189,272],"introduces":[33],"incorporates":[35],"three":[36],"random":[38,73,246],"variables":[39,74,247],"on":[40,92,162,261],"top":[41],"of":[42,71,88,120,129,158,171,222,244,256,274],"baseline":[44],"chain":[45],"[16],":[47],"C:":[48],"likelihood":[50,153],"secure":[52,56,61],"confidentiality;":[53],"$\\boldsymbol{I}$:":[54],"integrity;":[57],"$\\boldsymbol{A}$:":[59],"availability.":[62],"Thus,":[63],"will":[66,194,237],"orchestrate":[67],"an":[68,108],"extensive":[69,233],"set":[70],"key":[72],"such":[75,204,248],"as":[76,113,123,125,205,249],"\u03bb:":[77],"transaction":[78,89,159,209],"slot":[79],"arrival":[80],"rate;":[81,85],"\u03bc:":[82],"block":[83,95,165,215],"posting":[84],"$\\boldsymbol{i}$:":[86],"number":[87,157],"slots":[90,160],"pending":[91,161],"current":[94,164],"along":[96],"$\\boldsymbol{C},":[98,134],"\\boldsymbol{I}$":[99,135],"$\\boldsymbol{A}$.":[101,137],"underlying":[103],"mathematical":[104],"method":[105],"employed":[106],"is":[107,143,177,286],"embedded":[109],"Markovian":[110,127],"queueing":[111],"traces":[116],"stochastic":[118,168],"flow":[119,128],"transactions":[122,223],"well":[124],"them":[130],"respect":[132],"state":[139],"defined":[144],"by":[145,289],"$P_{i_{C":[146,264],"/":[147,149,265,267],"I":[148,266],"A}}$,":[150],"i.e.,":[151],"have":[155],"i":[156],"status":[170],"thus":[175],"far":[176],"C":[179],"$\\bar{C},":[181],"I$":[182,258],"$\\overline{\\boldsymbol{I}}$,":[184],"$\\boldsymbol{A}$":[186],"$\\overline{\\boldsymbol{A}}$.":[188],"solutions":[190],"be":[195,238],"provided":[196],"assess":[198],"few":[200],"basic":[201],"metrics":[203],"W:":[206],"average":[208,214],"waiting":[210],"time,":[211],"$L:$":[212],"capacity":[216],"required;":[217],"G:":[219],"throughput":[221],"per":[224],"block.":[225],"And":[226],"further":[227],"primarily,":[229],"unique":[231],"simulation":[234,276],"analysis":[236],"conducted":[239],"evaluate":[241],"impact":[243],"base":[245],"i,":[250],"\u03bb,":[251],"\u03bc,":[252],"various":[254],"combinations":[255],"$\\mathcal{C},":[257],"A":[260],"overall":[263],"A}}$":[268],"steady":[270],"state.":[271],"results":[273],"reveal":[277],"tradeoffs":[278],"between":[279],"that":[285],"uniquely":[287],"identifiable":[288],"proposed":[291],"model.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-11-14T00:00:00"}