{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406728549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398","title":"BFT-Metronome: A Novel Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization Algorithm","display_name":"BFT-Metronome: A Novel Byzantine Fault-Tolerant Clock Synchronization Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406728549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 6th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Conner Fulford","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177097968","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqb1v70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conner Fulford","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,Department of Computer Science Engineering,Chattanooga,TN,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee at Chattanooga,Department of Computer Science Engineering,Chattanooga,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177097968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043380345","display_name":"Sai Medury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200719446","display_name":"Vanderbilt University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vm5rt34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Medury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanderbilt University,The Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education,Nashville,TN,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanderbilt University,The Advanced Computing Center for Research and Education,Nashville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200719446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060400318","display_name":"Amani Altarawneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63920570","display_name":"Tennessee Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/05drmrq39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amani Altarawneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tennessee Tech University,Department of Computer Science,Cookeville,TN,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee Tech University,Department of Computer Science,Cookeville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026440046","display_name":"Anthony Skjellum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-6600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63920570","display_name":"Tennessee Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/05drmrq39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Skjellum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tennessee Tech University,Department of Computer Science,Cookeville,TN,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tennessee Tech University,Department of Computer Science,Cookeville,TN,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63920570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28748236,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"132","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9513000249862671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metronome","display_name":"Metronome","score":0.8786240816116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.673684298992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5999805331230164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5922756195068359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4689464271068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.45884808897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40418151021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38102027773857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.28672540187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhythm","display_name":"Rhythm","score":0.2587302029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15603721141815186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100533687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156424","display_name":"Metronome","level":3,"score":0.8786240816116333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.673684298992157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5999805331230164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5922756195068359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4689464271068573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.45884808897972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40418151021003723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38102027773857117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28672540187835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135343436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170406","display_name":"Rhythm","level":2,"score":0.2587302029132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15603721141815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca62388.2024.10844398","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 6th International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W881267465","https://openalex.org/W1877705782","https://openalex.org/W2023430284","https://openalex.org/W2030642801","https://openalex.org/W2038713122","https://openalex.org/W2076022311","https://openalex.org/W2116643105","https://openalex.org/W2739845435","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2770149261","https://openalex.org/W2914554654","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4254168075","https://openalex.org/W6745143538","https://openalex.org/W6750847628","https://openalex.org/W6767450077","https://openalex.org/W6778687232","https://openalex.org/W6786012324","https://openalex.org/W6800242810","https://openalex.org/W7053595750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983526251","https://openalex.org/W2766692902","https://openalex.org/W2998500125","https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W2321035172","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W2017026432","https://openalex.org/W2145120192","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2130974576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"systems":[1,224],"and":[2,25,49,149,206],"blockchain":[3,179],"consensus":[4,180],"protocols":[5,41,181,212],"rely":[6,186],"on":[7,126,187],"a":[8,36,60,91,106,110,143],"clock":[9,33,94,171,231],"synchronization":[10,34,95,172,205],"algorithm":[11,96,104,108,114,130,173],"to":[12,17,31,68,79,115,119,133,136,156,178,202,210,221,225],"resolve":[13],"any":[14],"conflicts":[15],"related":[16],"the":[18,44,50,72,121,150,198],"state":[19],"of":[20,74,145,161],"data":[21],"or":[22,62,81,84],"resources.":[23],"Faulty":[24],"adversarial":[26],"peers":[27,76,118],"make":[28],"it":[29],"challenging":[30],"achieve":[32,203],"in":[35,59,71,142,166],"peer-to-peer":[37,98,167],"distributed":[38,99,168,223],"system.":[39],"Clock-synchronization":[40],"such":[42],"as":[43,183],"Network":[45],"Time":[46,52],"Protocol":[47,53],"(NTP)":[48],"Precision":[51],"(PTP)":[54],"are":[55],"effective":[56],"but":[57],"only":[58],"partially":[61],"fully":[63],"trusted":[64],"network.":[65],"They":[66],"fail":[67],"synchronize":[69],"clocks":[70],"presence":[73],"misbehaving":[75,140],"who":[77],"try":[78],"rewind":[80],"fast-forward":[82],"time":[83],"introduce":[85],"deadlocks":[86],"purposely.This":[87],"paper":[88],"introduces":[89],"BFT-Metronome,":[90],"Byzantine":[92],"fault-tolerant":[93],"for":[97],"systems.":[100],"The":[101,129],"novel":[102],"BFT-Metronome":[103,170,196],"combines":[105],"sensor-fusion":[107],"with":[109,197],"statistical":[111],"outlier":[112],"detection":[113],"enable":[116],"participating":[117],"determine":[120],"most":[122],"likely":[123],"skew":[124],"based":[125],"broadcast":[127],"timestamps.":[128],"is":[131,154,192,213],"designed":[132],"withstand":[134],"up":[135],"$\\frac{N}{3}":[137],"-":[138],"1$":[139],"participants":[141],"network":[144],"N":[146],"total":[147],"participants,":[148],"independently":[151],"calculated":[152],"offset":[153],"observed":[155],"be":[157,176,219],"within":[158],"10":[159],"ms":[160,165],"precision":[162],"vs.":[163],"40-100":[164],"systems.The":[169],"can":[174,217],"also":[175,218],"applied":[177,220],"(such":[182],"Proof-of-Stake)":[184],"that":[185],"weakly":[188],"synchronized":[189],"clocks.":[190],"This":[191],"shown":[193],"by":[194],"integrating":[195],"Lightweight":[199],"Mining":[200],"Algorithm":[201],"consensus-round":[204],"timeouts.":[207],"Then,":[208],"generalization":[209],"other":[211],"argued":[214],"qualitatively.":[215],"It":[216],"large":[222],"secure":[226],"against":[227],"insider":[228],"threats":[229],"during":[230],"synchronization.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}