{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389543503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851","title":"Metaverse through Blockchain and Intelligent Networking: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Metaverse through Blockchain and Intelligent Networking: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389543503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Fifth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022684344","display_name":"Mohammad Alja\u2019afreh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-9623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alja'afreh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),UAE","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE","Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049330414","display_name":"Sahel Alouneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9321-4005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230091363","display_name":"German Jordanian University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgpyd84","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}],"countries":["AE","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahel Alouneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cybersecurity Program College of Engineering, Al Ain University,UAE","Cybersecurity Program College of Engineering, Al Ain University, UAE","German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity Program College of Engineering, Al Ain University,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cybersecurity Program College of Engineering, Al Ain University, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230091363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067402012","display_name":"Muath Obaidat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2963-7315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muath Obaidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science-City University of New York,USA","Computer Science-City University of New York, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science-City University of New York,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science-City University of New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001921220","display_name":"Ali Karime","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-1540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Karime","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Military College of Canada,Canada","Royal Military College of Canada, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military College of Canada,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military College of Canada, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104211624","display_name":"Abdulmotaleb Elsaddik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmotaleb Elsaddik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),UAE","Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI),UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9156,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93030731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"426","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.9369999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.9273396730422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7283357977867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.44687068462371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.44321396946907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3639329671859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.35990598797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33671581745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21204698085784912}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.9273396730422974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7283357977867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.44687068462371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.44321396946907043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3639329671859741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.35990598797798157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33671581745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21204698085784912}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca58897.2023.10338851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Fifth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2156857422","https://openalex.org/W2196589383","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2508611559","https://openalex.org/W2595871304","https://openalex.org/W2742695568","https://openalex.org/W2781435918","https://openalex.org/W2808633551","https://openalex.org/W2876503617","https://openalex.org/W2898621204","https://openalex.org/W2902985655","https://openalex.org/W2903042230","https://openalex.org/W2907165388","https://openalex.org/W2969461841","https://openalex.org/W2985637671","https://openalex.org/W2996916730","https://openalex.org/W3004077497","https://openalex.org/W3016568954","https://openalex.org/W3021583000","https://openalex.org/W3043953517","https://openalex.org/W3090469145","https://openalex.org/W3109195939","https://openalex.org/W3114498441","https://openalex.org/W3117926661","https://openalex.org/W3120245408","https://openalex.org/W3136930970","https://openalex.org/W3139249489","https://openalex.org/W3151166523","https://openalex.org/W3161249521","https://openalex.org/W3175685484","https://openalex.org/W3186745796","https://openalex.org/W3197088326","https://openalex.org/W3198508394","https://openalex.org/W3206472429","https://openalex.org/W3206525235","https://openalex.org/W3213859307","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4226225860","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4288073028","https://openalex.org/W4313185505","https://openalex.org/W4324118559","https://openalex.org/W4381786550","https://openalex.org/W6755489178","https://openalex.org/W6769569408","https://openalex.org/W6802749020","https://openalex.org/W6803886546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,74],"technology":[1],"has":[2,14],"advanced,":[3],"people's":[4],"lives":[5],"have":[6,57,66],"been":[7,15,59],"transformed":[8],"by":[9,17],"the":[10,21,35,44,69,89,110,130,158,169],"virtual":[11,38,47],"world,":[12],"which":[13],"created":[16],"technologies":[18,79],"such":[19],"as":[20,43,61],"Internet,":[22],"computers,":[23],"artificial":[24],"intelligence,":[25],"and":[26,37,54,64,68,76,88,98,118,135,153,164,179],"hardware.":[27],"The":[28,122],"metaverse,":[29,111],"a":[30,112],"new":[31],"social":[32],"ecology":[33],"connecting":[34],"physical":[36],"worlds,":[39],"is":[40,120,127,140],"rapidly":[41],"expanding":[42],"demand":[45],"for":[46,92],"reality":[48],"grows.":[49],"Privacy,":[50],"security,":[51],"high":[52],"synchronization,":[53],"low":[55],"latency":[56],"all":[58],"challenged":[60],"data":[62,96],"volumes":[63],"value":[65],"grown":[67],"metaverse":[70],"continues":[71],"to":[72,81,105,128,174],"evolve.":[73],"blockchain":[75,148],"intelligent":[77],"networking":[78],"continue":[80],"evolve,":[82],"these":[83],"challenges":[84],"can":[85,100],"be":[86,101],"addressed":[87],"metaverse's":[90,131,159],"needs":[91],"trusted":[93],"construction,":[94],"continuous":[95],"interaction,":[97],"computing":[99],"satisfied.":[102],"In":[103],"order":[104],"provide":[106],"immersive":[107],"experiences":[108],"in":[109,142],"comprehensive":[113],"review":[114,138],"of":[115,124,146,166],"blockchain's":[116],"role":[117],"benefits":[119],"essential.":[121],"purpose":[123],"this":[125],"survey":[126],"discuss":[129,175],"development":[132],"trend,":[133],"architecture,":[134],"characteristics.":[136],"This":[137],"paper":[139],"novel":[141],"providing":[143],"an":[144],"overview":[145],"existing":[147],"research,":[149],"including":[150],"overviews,":[151],"applications,":[152,160],"challenges.":[154],"Furthermore,":[155],"we":[156,171],"summarized":[157],"emphasizing":[161],"their":[162],"significance":[163],"areas":[165],"development.":[167],"Using":[168],"survey,":[170],"are":[172],"able":[173],"open":[176],"issues,":[177],"challenges,":[178],"future":[180],"research":[181],"directions.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}