{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312653650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480","title":"Making Smart Contracts Predict and Scale","display_name":"Making Smart Contracts Predict and Scale","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312653650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011651209","display_name":"Syed Badruddoja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-7958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Badruddoja","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077121598","display_name":"Ram Dantu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9362-1559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ram Dantu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004537876","display_name":"Yanyan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8891-9916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039828193","display_name":"Mark Thompson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-1442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Thompson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033187262","display_name":"Abiola Salau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2377-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abiola Salau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077813275","display_name":"Kritagya Upadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3969-4201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kritagya Upadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Texas,Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering,Denton,TX,USA,76207","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011651209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94867787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"127","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8031154870986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6588351726531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6344769597053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5821094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/python","display_name":"Python (programming language)","score":0.5476226210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.4674191474914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.44348955154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.41733989119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37597963213920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.32065635919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.11186569929122925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8031154870986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6588351726531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6344769597053528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5821094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5476226210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.4674191474914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.44348955154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.41733989119529724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37597963213920593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32065635919570923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.11186569929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6485875733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H98230-20-1-0329,H98230-20-1-0403,H98230-20-1-0414,H98230-21-1-0262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","funder_display_name":"National Security Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311089","display_name":"National Security Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/0047bvr32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088252378","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2788246026","https://openalex.org/W2887561408","https://openalex.org/W2897525439","https://openalex.org/W2957123389","https://openalex.org/W2967687639","https://openalex.org/W2972385385","https://openalex.org/W2981446616","https://openalex.org/W3007690081","https://openalex.org/W3031507056","https://openalex.org/W3105951560","https://openalex.org/W3110703427","https://openalex.org/W3174470544","https://openalex.org/W3174881717","https://openalex.org/W4226107852","https://openalex.org/W4226407800","https://openalex.org/W4226449188","https://openalex.org/W4285413683","https://openalex.org/W4287552728","https://openalex.org/W6607259140","https://openalex.org/W6766419739","https://openalex.org/W6776350323","https://openalex.org/W6849808489"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312632137","https://openalex.org/W4383746529","https://openalex.org/W4382052559","https://openalex.org/W3173921338","https://openalex.org/W3036900957","https://openalex.org/W4297900598","https://openalex.org/W4285225238","https://openalex.org/W4375930479","https://openalex.org/W4223564025","https://openalex.org/W4321369284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40],"machine":[1,41,169],"learning":[2,42,170],"algorithms":[3,43,173],"can":[4,44,76,161,174],"predict":[5],"the":[6,10,20,63,78,115,118,138,150,176],"events":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9,47],"trained":[11,46],"models":[12,54],"and":[13,25,35,160,171],"datasets.":[14],"However,":[15],"a":[16,86,100,106,145],"reliable":[17,56],"prediction":[18,79,146],"requires":[19],"model":[21,108],"to":[22,51,89,95,113,123,149],"be":[23,45,162],"trusted":[24,30,53],"tamper-resistant.":[26],"Blockchain":[27],"technology":[28],"provides":[29],"output":[31],"with":[32,99,109,137],"consensus-based":[33],"transactions":[34],"an":[36],"immutable":[37],"distributed":[38],"ledger.":[39],"blockchain":[48,64,135,166],"smart":[49,60],"contracts":[50,61],"produce":[52,90],"for":[55,73],"prediction.":[57],"But":[58],"most":[59],"in":[62,133,153,164],"do":[65],"not":[66],"support":[67],"floating-point":[68,91],"data":[69],"type,":[70],"limiting":[71],"computations":[72],"classification,":[74],"which":[75],"affect":[77],"accuracy.":[80],"In":[81],"this":[82],"work,":[83],"we":[84,129,143],"propose":[85],"novel":[87],"method":[88,157],"equivalent":[92],"probability":[93,120],"estimation":[94],"classify":[96,124],"labels":[97,125],"on-chain":[98],"Naive":[101],"Bayes":[102],"algorithm.":[103],"We":[104],"derive":[105],"mathematical":[107],"Taylor":[110],"series":[111],"expansion":[112],"compute":[114],"ratio":[116],"of":[117,121],"posterior":[119],"classes":[122],"using":[126],"integers.":[127],"Moreover,":[128],"implemented":[130],"our":[131],"solution":[132],"Ethereum":[134],"smart-contract":[136],"Solidity":[139],"programming":[140],"language,":[141],"where":[142],"achieved":[144],"accuracy":[147],"comparable":[148],"scikit-learn":[151],"library":[152],"Python.":[154],"Our":[155],"derived":[156,177],"is":[158],"platform-agnostic":[159],"supported":[163],"any":[165],"network.":[167],"Furthermore,":[168],"deep-learning":[172],"borrow":[175],"method.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}