{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312953992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433","title":"Towards a middleware design for efficient blockchain oracles selection","display_name":"Towards a middleware design for efficient blockchain oracles selection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312953992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006511305","display_name":"Subhasish Goswami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-919X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126601174","display_name":"Tezpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/005x56091","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126601174"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subhasish Goswami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering Tezpur University,Tezpur,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science &#x0026; Engineering Tezpur University,Tezpur,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126601174"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032382039","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Danish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2680-8895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Danish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software &#x0026; IT Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure,Montreal,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software &#x0026; IT Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure,Montreal,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025108369","display_name":"Kaiwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-0190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software &#x0026; IT Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure,Montreal,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software &#x0026; IT Engineering, Ecole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure,Montreal,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006511305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126601174"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92875228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8317508697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7978598475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5414654016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5011065006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.49173977971076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4906064569950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.46398141980171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.4632137715816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.45020782947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.44844773411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.41818565130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3652574419975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3049444556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2577683925628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.19685441255569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12034285068511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11822062730789185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8317508697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7978598475456238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5414654016494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5011065006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.49173977971076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4906064569950104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.46398141980171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.4632137715816498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.45020782947540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.44844773411750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41818565130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3652574419975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3049444556236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2577683925628662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.19685441255569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12034285068511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11822062730789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9922433","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:26002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/26002/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Compte rendu de conf\u00e9rence"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0,28],"smart":[1],"contracts":[2],"can":[3,95],"only":[4],"operate":[5],"on":[6,130],"data":[7,56,107,122],"available":[8,124],"on-chain,":[9],"and":[10,39,146,169,174],"face":[11],"a":[12,70,76,85,92,115,142,160],"major":[13],"challenge":[14],"of":[15,45,63,88,187],"not":[16],"being":[17],"able":[18],"to":[19,90,118,149,158,162],"communicate":[20],"with":[21,53,58,74],"the":[22,35,46,120,137,163,171,177,183],"world":[23],"outside":[24],"their":[25],"own":[26],"network.":[27],"oracles":[29,89,184],"solve":[30],"this":[31,111],"problem":[32,140,145],"by":[33,104],"bridging":[34],"gap":[36],"between":[37],"on-chain":[38],"off-chain":[40],"data.":[41],"Chainlink":[42,71,126],"is":[43],"one":[44],"most":[47],"widely":[48],"used":[49],"decentralized":[50],"oracle":[51,106,127,138],"network":[52,128],"competing":[54],"independent":[55],"providers":[57,123],"distinct":[59],"characteristics":[60],"in":[61,97,110,125,185],"terms":[62,186],"price,":[64],"performance,":[65],"security,":[66],"trust,":[67],"etc.":[68],"As":[69],"service":[72,77,133],"purchaser":[73],"unique":[75],"level":[78],"agreement":[79],"(SLA)":[80],"proposal":[81],"for":[82],"each":[83],"job,":[84],"random":[86],"selection":[87,139],"execute":[91],"certain":[93],"job":[94],"result":[96],"sub-optimal":[98],"solution,":[99],"that":[100,176],"could":[101],"be":[102,150],"alleviated":[103],"another":[105],"provider.":[108],"Therefore,":[109],"work,":[112],"we":[113],"propose":[114,154],"middleware":[116,179],"design":[117],"select":[119],"best":[121],"based":[129],"individual":[131],"job's":[132],"requirements.":[134],"We":[135,152,166],"model":[136],"as":[141],"decision":[143],"optimization":[144],"prove":[147],"it":[148],"NP-hard.":[151],"also":[153],"two":[155],"heuristic":[156],"algorithms":[157],"approximate":[159],"solution":[161],"modelled":[164],"problem.":[165],"experimentally":[167],"evaluate":[168],"compare":[170],"proposed":[172,178],"design,":[173],"conclude":[175],"architecture":[180],"efficiently":[181],"selects":[182],"performance":[188],"parameters.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
