{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312501450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903","title":"Covid-19 Contact Tracing and Vaccine Validation Using Blockchain Technology","display_name":"Covid-19 Contact Tracing and Vaccine Validation Using Blockchain Technology","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312501450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082364417","display_name":"Vandana Kamjula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vandana Kamjula","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008015476","display_name":"Abinesh Anbalagan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abinesh Anbalagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060050460","display_name":"Priti Halwai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priti Halwai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054010505","display_name":"Ismaeel Al Ridhawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-2763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111408","display_name":"Kuwait College of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjvsj67","country_code":"KW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]}],"countries":["KW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismaeel Al Ridhawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kuwait College of Science and Technology,Kuwait","Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Kuwait"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait College of Science and Technology,Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Kuwait","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109813539","display_name":"Ali Abbas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082364417"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23792086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"274","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12943","display_name":"COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9427000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.874802827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6383281350135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.594121515750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certificate","display_name":"Certificate","score":0.5574385523796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5445608496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5236337184906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5078585743904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.4517514109611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.44248074293136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.42484211921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-tracing","display_name":"Contact tracing","score":0.41203564405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19920864701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.1318865418434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1254900097846985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.874802827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6383281350135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.594121515750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96865113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2946816","display_name":"Certificate","level":2,"score":0.5574385523796082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5445608496665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5236337184906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5078585743904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.4517514109611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.44248074293136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.42484211921691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.41203564405441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19920864701271057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.1318865418434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1254900097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bcca55292.2022.9921903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Fourth International Conference on Blockchain Computing and Applications (BCCA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W3158100496","https://openalex.org/W3130225502","https://openalex.org/W2170160357","https://openalex.org/W4399915950","https://openalex.org/W2012140923","https://openalex.org/W4287554683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113,123],"fourth":[1],"industrial":[2],"revolution":[3],"(Industry":[4],"4.0)":[5],"has":[6],"prompted":[7],"new":[8],"and":[9,19,25,44,56,64,72,83,107,125],"innovative":[10],"solutions":[11],"that":[12,90,102],"are":[13,58,131],"reliant":[14],"on":[15,61],"Artificial":[16],"Intelligence":[17],"(AI)":[18],"contemporary":[20],"technological":[21],"advancements.":[22],"Secure,":[23],"intelligent,":[24],"on-demand":[26],"healthcare":[27,52,99],"services":[28],"for":[29,111],"patients":[30],"is":[31,46],"one":[32],"of":[33,37,50,66,128],"the":[34,62,121,129],"core":[35],"pillars":[36],"Industry":[38],"4.0.":[39],"Patient":[40],"medical":[41],"data":[42,87],"security":[43,65],"privacy":[45],"a":[47,77,116],"crucial":[48],"part":[49],"electronic":[51],"systems.":[53],"Disease":[54],"diagnosis":[55],"treatment":[57],"highly":[59],"dependent":[60],"authenticity":[63],"patient":[67],"data,":[68],"both":[69],"when":[70],"stored":[71],"communicated.":[73],"Blockchain":[74],"technology":[75],"plays":[76],"vital":[78],"role":[79],"in":[80,92],"transaction":[81],"authentication":[82],"secure":[84],"decentralized":[85],"immutable":[86],"storage.":[88],"With":[89],"said,":[91],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"we":[95],"present":[96],"an":[97],"interactive":[98],"information":[100],"system":[101,130],"enables":[103],"COVID-19":[104],"contact":[105],"tracing":[106],"vaccine":[108],"certificate":[109],"validation":[110],"users.":[112],"solution":[114],"uses":[115],"blockchain":[117],"technique":[118],"to":[119],"validate":[120],"certificates.":[122],"implementation":[124],"evaluation":[126],"details":[127],"presented":[132],"together":[133],"with":[134],"result":[135],"findings.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
