{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125527563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197","title":"Development and Validation of an Accurate Eye Model for Capacitive Eye Tracking","display_name":"Development and Validation of an Accurate Eye Model for Capacitive Eye Tracking","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125527563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Workshop on Biomedical Applications, Technologies and Sensors (BATS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123377169","display_name":"Giulia Palmieri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Palmieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117665572","display_name":"Alberto Pettenella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9628-7882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pettenella","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123684752","display_name":"F. R. Costantini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. R. Costantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123394354","display_name":"Luca Merigo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121560","display_name":"European School of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvnjb40","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Merigo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Eyewear Lab,EssilorLuxottica,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Eyewear Lab,EssilorLuxottica,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085066640","display_name":"Tommaso Ongarello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121560","display_name":"European School of Oncology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvnjb40","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Ongarello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Eyewear Lab,EssilorLuxottica,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Eyewear Lab,EssilorLuxottica,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028692100","display_name":"Marco Carminati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-4317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Carminati","raw_affiliation_strings":["DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DEIB, Politecnico di Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8502994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"272","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9656999707221985,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/development","display_name":"Development (topology)","score":0.25929999351501465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6090999841690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5223000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41407105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422741","display_name":"Eye tracking on the ISS","level":3,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781427961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430024","display_name":"Human eye","level":2,"score":0.2492000013589859}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bats67559.2025.11336197","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Workshop on Biomedical Applications, Technologies and Sensors (BATS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1309547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1309547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2482657405","https://openalex.org/W3004177837","https://openalex.org/W3146688393","https://openalex.org/W4284958247","https://openalex.org/W4379769268","https://openalex.org/W4399199612","https://openalex.org/W4401808626","https://openalex.org/W4402768815","https://openalex.org/W4403438397","https://openalex.org/W4410701781","https://openalex.org/W4410701785","https://openalex.org/W4410701793","https://openalex.org/W4413156321"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"feasibility":[1,108],"study":[2],"of":[3,49,70,109],"a":[4,17,28],"contactless":[5],"eye":[6,35,72,111],"tracking":[7,34],"solution":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"capacitive":[11,110],"sensing":[12,51],"is":[13,99],"presented.":[14],"It":[15],"targets":[16],"seamless":[18],"application":[19],"in":[20,33,56],"smart":[21],"glasses":[22],"for":[23],"daily":[24],"use,":[25],"characterized":[26],"by":[27],"strict":[29],"trade-off":[30],"between":[31],"performance":[32],"movements":[36],"and":[37,47,76,90],"power":[38],"consumption.":[39],"In":[40],"order":[41],"to":[42,53],"optimize":[43],"the":[44,50,57,71,79,83,107],"size,":[45],"number":[46],"location":[48],"electrodes,":[52],"be":[54],"integrated":[55],"glasses,":[58],"reliable":[59],"numerical":[60],"simulations":[61],"are":[62],"needed.":[63],"Thus,":[64],"an":[65],"accurate":[66],"COMSOL":[67],"electric":[68],"model":[69],"was":[73],"developed,":[74],"improved":[75],"tuned":[77],"until":[78],"predicted":[80],"signals":[81],"matched":[82],"experimental":[84],"measurements":[85],"performed":[86],"with":[87,103],"both":[88],"time-based":[89],"frequency-based":[91],"approaches":[92],"offering":[93],"sub-fF":[94],"resolution.":[95],"This":[96],"optimization":[97],"process":[98],"here":[100],"reported,":[101],"along":[102],"preliminary":[104],"results":[105],"showing":[106],"tracking.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-24T00:00:00"}